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This important volume advocates a pro-poor growth strategy where the poor also participate directly as subjects in development. The contributors maintain that a critical element in this process is social mobilization where organizations of the poor work in partnership with a restructured state and a socially responsible private sector. They see a new political space for this in the current attempts at decentralization which are also aimed at developing power to the people. To illustrate these possibilities, the volume presents six case studies from India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Banglad

Social planning --- Poor --- Poverty --- Community development --- Regional development --- Economic assistance, Domestic --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Social development planning --- Planning --- Citizen participation --- Government policy --- Economic conditions

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We test the hypothesis of a link between exchange rate policy and sovereign bonds. We analyze the effect of exchange rate policies on supply and credit spreads of sovereign bonds issued by developing countries. An exchange rate policy is captured by the de facto exchange rate regime and the real exchange rate misalignment. The main findings are: (1) real exchange rate overvaluation significantly increases sovereign bond issue probability and raises bond spreads; (2) spreads and the likelihood of issuing bonds depend on the exchange rate regime; (3) exchange rate misalignment under a hard peg significantly increases bond spreads; (4) in time of debt crises, exchange rate policy also greatly affects the sovereign bond market, especially through exchange rate overvaluation.

Foreign exchange rates --- State bonds --- Bonds --- Government securities --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Econometric models. --- Rates --- Banks and Banking --- Financial Risk Management --- Foreign Exchange --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Financial Crises --- Currency --- Finance --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Exchange rate policy --- Yield curve --- Financial crises --- Financial services --- Interest rates --- United States

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Social stratification --- Social policy --- Social welfare methods --- Great Britain --- Children --- Marginality, Social --- Older people --- Social networks --- Social planning --- Enfants --- Exclusion sociale --- Personnes âgées --- Réseaux sociaux --- Planification sociale --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- -Marginality, Social --- -Children --- -Aged --- -Social planning --- -#SBIB:316.8H10 --- #SBIB:316.8H51 --- #SBIB:324H60 --- Social development planning --- Planning --- Aged --- Aging people --- Elderly people --- Old people --- Older adults --- Older persons --- Senior citizens --- Seniors (Older people) --- Age groups --- Persons --- Gerontocracy --- Gerontology --- Old age --- Childhood --- Kids (Children) --- Pedology (Child study) --- Youngsters --- Families --- Life cycle, Human --- Exclusion, Social --- Marginal peoples --- Social exclusion --- Social marginality --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Culture conflict --- Social isolation --- Sociology --- People with social disabilities --- Networking, Social --- Networks, Social --- Social networking --- Social support systems --- Support systems, Social --- Interpersonal relations --- Cliques (Sociology) --- Microblogs --- -Social networks --- -Welzijns- en sociale problemen: algemeen --- Sociaal beleid: inspraak en participatie --- Politieke socialisatie --- Personnes âgées --- Réseaux sociaux --- Congrès --- #SBIB:316.8H10 --- Welzijns- en sociale problemen: algemeen

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This 2004 Article IV Consultation highlights that following the near crisis in the first half of 2003, the authorities in Jamaica have succeeded over the past year in stabilizing the economy and restoring market confidence. The foreign exchange market stabilized in mid-2003, inflation has decelerated, domestic interest rates have declined, and growth improved, while Jamaica has returned to the international capital market. Real GDP growth reached 2 percent in FY 2003/04. The improvement was led by strong performance in the key tourism and mining sectors.

Jamaica --- Jamaïque --- G'amaiḳah --- Xaymaca --- Jamaika (Country) --- Ямайкэ --- I︠A︡maĭkė --- جامايكا --- Jāmāyikā --- Chamaica --- J·amayica --- Xamaica --- Xamayka --- Yamayka --- Ямайка --- I︠A︡maĭka --- Yamaika --- Jamajka --- Джамайка --- Dzhamaĭka --- Tschameeki --- Jaméíkʼa --- Τζαμάικα --- Tzamaika --- ジャマイカ --- West Indies (Federation) --- Economic conditions. --- Economic conditions --- Budgeting --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- Public finance & taxation --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- International economics --- Budgeting & financial management --- Monetary economics --- Public debt --- Expenditure --- Exchange rates --- External debt --- Government debt management --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Debts, Public --- Expenditures, Public --- Debts, External --- Budget --- Money supply