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This volume of Modern Aspects contains a remarkable spread of topics covered in an authoritative manner by some internationally renowned specialists. In a seminal chapter Drs. Babu, Oldfield and Wieckowski demonstrate eloquently the strength of electrochemical nuclear magnetic resonance (EC-NMR) to study in situ both sides of the electrochemical interface via the simultaneous use of and This powerful non-invasive technique brings new insights to both fundamental and practical key aspects of electrocatalysis, including the design of better anodes for PEM fuel cells. The recent impressive advances in the use of rigorous ab initio quantum chemical calculations in electrochemistry are described in a remarkable chapter by Marc Koper, one of the leading protagonists in this fascinating area. This lucid chapter is addressed to all electrochemists, including those with very little prior exposure to quantum chemistry, and demonstrates the usefulness of ab initio calculations, including density functional theory (DFT) methods, to understand several key aspects of fuel cell electrocatalysis at the molecular level. The most important macroscopic and statistical thermodynamic models developed to describe adsorption phenomena on electrodes are presented critically in a concise and authoritative chapter by Panos Nikitas. The reader is guided through the seminal contributions of Frumkin, Butler, Bockris, Guidelli and others, to the current state of the art adsorption isotherms, which are both rigorous, and in good agreement with experiment.

Electrochemistry. --- Electrochemical analysis. --- Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Monograph --- Physical chemistry. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Nuclear magnetic resonance. --- Electrocatalysis.

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Industrial products that are made from, or contain, nitrogen are described in parts of some encyclopedias and standard reference works. However it is not always simple to determine from these varied sources the present status of the technology and markets for various nitrogen products. We therefore perceived a need for a text that provides a comprehensive description of: 1) products that are made from or that contain nitrogen; 2) the processes that produce these products; and 3) the markets that consume these products. I have attempted to present the material in a standardized format that should make this book easy to use and helpful to the readers. The standard format for each product is: Introduction, Process, Production, and Uses, with some variations in different chapters. This book provides information that could be used by a wide range of readers: Fertilizer companies—to evaluate different production processes and review general trends in the market. Basic chemical companies—to evaluate different production processes and review general trends in the market. Specialty chemical companies—to investigate new chemical production and/or sales opportunities and the processes that could make those sales a possibility. Chemical distributors—to obtain a feel for the general market size for some chemicals and the basic handling and distribution procedures for various chemicals. Engineering Companies—to evaluate different production processes and review general trends in the market. Engineering and Chemistry Students—to learn more about practical applications of the principals that they have experienced in their classrooms and laboratories.

Nitrogen compounds. --- Nitrogen compounds --- Synthesis. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Polymers. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Polymer Sciences. --- Physical chemistry. --- Polymers  . --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Macromolecules --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Chemicals

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Polytropes. --- Polytropes --- Astrophysics --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- 536-5 --- polytropic constants --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy—Observations. --- Mathematical physics. --- Astrophysics. --- Physical chemistry. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Physical mathematics --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical --- Mathematics

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This book had its genesis in a symposium on gas hydrates presented at the 2003 Spring National Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. The symposium consisted of twenty papers presented in four sessions over two days. Additional guest authors were invited to provide continuity and cover topics not addressed during the symposium. Gas hydrates are a unique class of chemical compounds where molecules of one compound (the guest material) are enclosed, without bonding chemically, within an open solid lattice composed of another compound (the host material). These types of configurations are known as clathrates. The guest molecules, usually gases, are of an appropriate size such that they fit within the cage formed by the host material. Common examples of gas hydrates are carbon dioxide/water and methane/water clathrates. At standard pressure and temperature, methane hydrate contains by volume 180 times as much methane as hydrate. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) has estimated that there is more organic carbon contained as methane hydrate than all other forms of fossil fuels combined. In fact, methane hydrates could provide a clean source of energy for several centuries. Clathrate compounds were first discovered in the early 1800's when Humphrey Davy and Michael Faraday were experimenting with chlorine-water mixtures.

Natural gas --- Hydrates de gaz naturel --- Hydrates. --- Chemical engineering. --- Hydrates --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Chemistry, inorganic. --- Geochemistry. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Inorganic Chemistry. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Hydrates de gaz naturel. --- Physical chemistry. --- Inorganic chemistry. --- Chemical composition of the earth --- Chemical geology --- Geological chemistry --- Geology, Chemical --- Chemistry --- Earth sciences --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Inorganic chemistry --- Inorganic compounds --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry

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This highly successful textbook, acclaimed for its comprehensiveness,  accuracy, and its many excellent illustrations and photographs now comes in its second edition. Completely revised and substantially extended it  offers:

New chapter on **Tandem Mass Spectrometry** covering instrumentation, methods for ion activation (CID, ECD, ETD, IRMPD), and applications

New chapter on **Ambient Mass Spectrometry** (DART, DESI, and more)

New chapter on **Inorganic Mass Spectrometry** including element speciation and imaging

**Learning Objectives** for all chapters

**Advanced Instrumentation** such as orbitraps, linear ion traps, tandem TOFs, FT-ICR and the highly variable hybrid instruments

Updated **Problems and Solutions website** (www.ms-textbook.com)

 ***Jürgen H. Gross*** provides in-depth explanations of concepts, methods, and techniques. Students and professionals alike are guided step-by-step from the basics to the successful application of mass spectrometry. Starting from the very principles of gas-phase ion chemistry, isotopic composition, and accurate mass, ***Jürgen H. Gross*** leads through the design of all types of mass analyzers and ionization methods to mass spectral interpretation and coupling techniques. His book offers a balanced mixture of practice-oriented information and theoretical background supported by a wealth of references. 

Keywords 

Analytical Chemistry - CID, IRMPD, ECD, ETD - Chemical Ionization - DART, DESI, DAPCI - Electron Ionization - Electrospray Ionization - Fast Atom Bombardment - Field Desorption - Field Ionization - Inorganic Mass Spectrometry - Isotope Ratio - LIFDI - MALDI - Mass Spectrometry - TOF/TOF - Tandem Mass Spectrometry - Textbook


spectrometrie --- fysicochemie --- gas chromatography --- organic chemistry --- Organic chemistry --- MS GC (massaspectrometrie gaschromatografie) --- Spectrometric and optical chemical analysis --- massaspectrometrie --- isotopes --- organische chemie --- isotopen --- Physicochemistry --- spectrometry --- Fysicochemical separation methods --- GC (gaschromatografie) --- Organic spectroscopy --- Spectrométrie --- Spectrometry --- methods --- Analytische chemie --- Spectrometrie --- Analytical biochemistry. --- Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Environmental toxicology. --- Polymers. --- Proteomics. --- Mass spectrometry --- Ionization --- Analytical Chemistry --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Monograph --- GC (gas chromatography) --- Mass spectra --- Mass spectrograph --- Mass spectroscopy --- Mass spectrum analysis --- Mass (Physics) --- Nuclear spectroscopy --- Spectrum analysis --- Scission (Chemistry) --- Analytical chemistry. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Physical chemistry. --- Polymers  . --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement   . --- Analytical Chemistry. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Polymer Sciences. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Molecular biology --- Proteins --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Macromolecules --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Ecotoxicology --- Pollutants --- Pollution --- Environmental health --- Toxicology --- Analysis, Chemical --- Analytic chemistry --- Chemical analysis --- Chemistry, Analytic