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Obesity --- Obésité --- Obesity. --- Body Weight --- Hyperphagia --- Weight Gain --- Bariatrics --- Obésité --- Obesity Management --- Adiposity --- Corpulence --- Fatness --- Overweight --- Body weight --- Metabolism --- Nutrition disorders --- Disorders

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Objective-To determine whether race history, including the number of races and total race distance, was associated with risk of superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) injury in Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan. Design-Matched case-control study. Animals-515 Thoroughbred racehorses (case horses) that sustained an SDFT injury during training or racing in Japan during 2002 and 951 horses (control horses) without SDFT injury that were matched with case horses on the basis of age and month of the latest race. Procedure-Variables related to race history were compared between case and control horses by means of conditional logistic regression. Results-The odds of SDFT injury increased as mean race distance and mean body weight at race time increased. Compared with females that had never competed in steeplechase races, males regardless of steeplechase race history and females that had competed in steeplechase races had higher odds of SDFT injury. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggest that longer mean distance per race, heavier mean body weight at race time, steeplechase experience, and sex (male) increased the risk of SDFT injury in Thoroughbred racehorses

Age. --- Association. --- Body weight. --- Body-weight. --- Control. --- Distance. --- Equine. --- Experience. --- Fatalities. --- Female. --- Females. --- History. --- Horse. --- Horses. --- Hyperthermia. --- Injuries. --- Injury. --- Male. --- Males. --- Musculoskeletal injuries. --- Prevalence. --- Racehorse. --- Risk. --- Sex. --- Sexes. --- Thoroughbred. --- Time. --- Training. --- Weight.

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The provision of foraging opportunities may be a simple way of improving an animal's welfare, but this approach has been neglected for laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). Standard housing contains little enrichment and food is often provided ad libitum, which may result in inactivity and obesity, especially in mature males. Foraging enrichments may offer a way to correct these deficiencies. This study compared three potential enrichments - a limited-access hopper, gnawing sticks and a foraging device - to standard housing and feeding conditions, in order to examine their effects on rat body weight food consumption, behaviour and preferences. The subjects were 12 mature male Wistar rats. Effects were assessed from daily weighing and from video records of the rats' behaviour over 24 h periods. The rats' preferences were determined using a four-way test system in which they could choose between a standard cage and cages offering the three potential enrichments. Compared to the standard housing and feeding, the limited-access hopper had a tendency to reduce food consumption, but the time spent feeding increased The gnawing sticks provided the rats with the opportunity to gnaw, but did not affect other behaviours or body weight. The foraging device had the benefits of reducing aggression and allowing the rats to search for and manipulate food, but resulted in significant gains in body weight. Additionally, the foraging device was the preferred feeding source. Of the four possible feeding locations, the rats spent the least amount of time in the standard cage. The foraging device provided the most benefits but requires further modification to address problems of obesity

Ad-libitum. --- Aggression. --- Animal welfare. --- Animal-welfare. --- Animal. --- Behavior. --- Behaviour. --- Body weight. --- Body-weight. --- Cage. --- Cages. --- Device. --- Enrichment. --- Environmental enrichment foraging. --- Feeding. --- Food. --- Foraging. --- Housing. --- Inactivity. --- Laboratory rat. --- Laboratory rats. --- Laboratory. --- Male. --- Males. --- Meal patterns. --- Mongolian gerbil. --- Nesting materials. --- Old. --- Periods. --- Preference. --- Preferences. --- Procurement cost. --- Provision. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Rattus norvegicus. --- Rattus-norvegicus. --- Search. --- Social contact. --- System. --- Test. --- Time. --- Video. --- Weight. --- Welfare. --- Wistar rats.

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Social isolation can induce psychological behavior changes. It is interesting to know whether there is sex difference in responding to social isolation or not. The present study compared the behavior difference between male and female mice isolated for 1-4 months. The results showed that the isolated male mice had higher accounts of locomotor activity than the isolated female and group-housed ones. Both isolated male and female mice spent shorter time in the dark box than the group-housed mice in the light/dark test, and isolated male mice spent less time in the closed arms than isolated female and group-housed mice when isolated for 2, 3 and 4 months in the elevated plus-maze test. These results suggest that isolation induce an anxiolytic-like effect. The immobile time in the forced swimming test was shortened in male mice isolated for 1 and 2 months. Both isolated male and female mice showed shorter time in pentobarbital-induced loss of righting reflex and less body weight gain. These results demonstrated that there was a sex difference in psychological behavior changes in mice undergoing social isolation and the male mice were more easily affected by isolation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Activity. --- Antidepressant. --- Anxiety. --- Anxiolytic-like. --- Behavior. --- Behavioral despair. --- Benzodiazepines. --- Body weight. --- Body-weight. --- Boxes. --- Elevated plus maze. --- Elevated plus-maze test. --- Elevated plus-maze. --- Female mice. --- Female. --- Induced decrease. --- Involvement. --- Isolation stress. --- Isolation. --- Light/dark test. --- Locomotor activity. --- Locomotor-activity. --- Long-term. --- Male-mice. --- Male. --- Mice. --- Model. --- Pentobarbital sleep. --- Pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. --- People. --- Reflex. --- Review. --- Righting. --- Sex difference. --- Sex. --- Sexes. --- Social isolation. --- Social-isolation. --- Social. --- Swimming. --- Test. --- Time. --- Weight gain. --- Weight. --- Wistar rats.

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Slimming and dieting has become such a fixation among Singaporeans that manufacturers and distributors of weight-reducing products are laughing all the way to the bank. However, the recent spate of controversies surrounding slimming pills is no laughing matter. This book is a collection of articles accessible to anyone who wants to know more about the phenomenon, its consequences and related topics. Its purpose is not to champion the "ideal" of being slim, but rather to provide a platform for meaningful discussion and for educating the general public about a healthier way of living. Written by

Weight loss --- Reducing diets --- Obesity --- Body image --- Image, Body --- Imagery (Psychology) --- Mind and body --- Person schemas --- Personality --- Self-perception --- Human body --- Adiposity --- Corpulence --- Fatness --- Overweight --- Body weight --- Metabolism --- Nutrition disorders --- Dieting for weight loss --- Diet --- Dieters --- Losing weight --- Loss of weight --- Reducing --- Reduction of weight --- Slimming --- Weight control of obesity --- Weight reducing --- Weight reduction --- Social aspects --- Disorders --- Diet therapy --- Control