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Metal complexes --- Macromolecules --- 54-386 --- Molecules --- Supramolecular chemistry --- Complex compounds --- Chemistry. Mineralogical sciences--?-386 --- 54-386 Chemistry. Mineralogical sciences--?-386

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What is it that turns a new observation into a true scientific discovery? And who may claim the credit? Theoreticians of science, the foremost thinkers of their times among them, have tried to answer these fundamental questions about the nature of scientific progress and discovery. With clear insight and the chemical as well as philosophical wisdom gained from over fifty years as a practising chemist, Jerome Berson puts their theories to the test. The development of chemistry into a "modern" science during the last two centuries provides him with ample cases to illustrate the way scientific progress really happens. Kekul's struggle to arrive at a structure for benzene, the paradigm change that was necessary to accept the reality of molecular rearrangements, and other episodes are retold here from the philosopher's as well as from the practitioner's perspective, shedding light on the way scientists think and act. Berson's account of the rather unphilosophical way in which scientific discoveries are made includes the realization that even a false hypothesis, such as Woodward's ideas about the biosynthesis of strychnine, may help rather than hinder scientific progress. Scientists of all ages, as well as many non-scientists, will find this a highly readable and unusual book.

54 --- Chemistry. Mineralogical sciences --- Chemistry --- Science --- History. --- Methodology. --- Philosophy. --- 54 Chemistry. Mineralogical sciences --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Scientific method --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- History --- Methodology --- Philosophy --- 54 Chemie. Kristallografie. Mineralogie --- Chemie. Kristallografie. Mineralogie

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Now incorporating full color phase diagrams, this book summarizes the results of the experimental studies of phase relations in the chemical systems relevant to Earth, carried out by the author in a time period of over 20 years between 1979 and 2001. It is based on 1000 piston-cylinder experiments at pressures up to 4 GPa, and close to 700 experiments carried out with a multi-anvil apparatus at pressures up to 24 GPa. This is the largest published collection of calculated phase diagrams for the chemical systems relevant to Earth. This is also the first time that the phase relations at the relatively low pressures of the lithospheric mantle, mainly applicable to the experimental thermobarometry of metamorphic rocks and mantle xenoliths, are seamlessly integrated with the phase relations of the sublithospheric upper mantle and the uppermost lower mantle, primarily applicable to inclusions in diamond and shocked meteorites. "Tibor Gasparik has devoted his career to determining the high-pressure, high-temperature phase relations of the geologically important Sodium-Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminium-Silicon (NCMAS) oxide system. This book is his opus magnum, summarizing more than 1700 experiments in over 120 figures. … I have found Phase Diagrams for Geoscientists to be a useful first port-of-call for finding the P-T stability fields … and I can recommend the book as a reference for geoscientists requiring an overview of the stable phase assemblages in the top 700 km of the Earth." (David Dobson, Geological Magazine, Vol. 142 (2), 2005).

Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Earth (Planet) -- Internal structure. --- Geochemistry. --- Geography. --- Geology. --- GeologyxMathematics. --- Mineralogy. --- Phase diagrams. --- Geochemistry --- Petrology --- Mineralogy --- Geology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Geology - General --- Mineralogical research --- Lithology --- Petrography --- Chemical composition of the earth --- Chemical geology --- Geological chemistry --- Geology, Chemical --- Research --- Earth sciences. --- Physical chemistry. --- Planetology. --- Geomorphology. --- Earth Sciences. --- Quantitative Geology. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Statistical methods. --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Planetary sciences --- Planetology --- Physical geology --- Crystallography --- Minerals --- Chemistry --- Earth sciences --- Geology—Statistical methods. --- Geomorphic geology --- Physiography --- Physical geography --- Landforms --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Research.