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This Selected Issues paper analyzes economic and agricultural developments, and the impact of land reforms of Zimbabwe. The paper summarizes the quantitative estimates of the fiscal burden and overall medium-term macroeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS on Zimbabwe. It reviews the debt restructuring, fiscal sustainability, and the vulnerabilities of Zimbabwe's banking system. It analyzes the situation of major public enterprises and the foreign exchange system in Zimbabwe. It also provides a statistical appendix for Zimbabwe.

Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Health Behavior --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- HIV/AIDS --- Public enterprises --- HIV and AIDS --- External debt --- Agricultural commodities --- Economic sectors --- Health --- Commodities --- Government business enterprises --- Debts, Public --- HIV --- Viruses --- Banks and banking --- Debts, External --- Zimbabwe --- Hiv and AIDS --- Hiv --- Hiv/AIDS --- Nationalization

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This joint staff assessment evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of Malawi’s poverty reduction strategy (MPRS), and considers whether the PRSP provides a sound basis for concessional assistance from the World Bank and IMF, as well as for debt relief under the Enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Debt Initiative. The annual review of the MPRS highlighted the reduced allocation of budgetary resources to pro-poor activities and the slow progress made in implementing structural and sectoral policy measures, and assesses that the implementation of the MPRSP has been unsatisfactory.

Budgeting --- Diseases: AIDS and HIV --- Social Services and Welfare --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Education: General --- Health Behavior --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Social welfare & social services --- Education --- HIV/AIDS --- Budgeting & financial management --- Poverty & precarity --- Poverty reduction strategy --- Poverty reduction --- HIV and AIDS --- Budget planning and preparation --- Poverty --- Health --- HIV --- Viruses --- Budget --- Malawi --- Hiv and AIDS --- Hiv --- Hiv/AIDS

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The paper evaluates the impact of HIV/AIDS on welfare in several countries affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Unlike studies focusing on the impact of HIV/AIDS on GDP per capita, we evaluate the impact of increased mortality using estimates of the value of statistical life. Our results illustrate the catastrophic impact of HIV/AIDS in the worst-affected countries and suggest that studies focusing on GDP and income per capita capture only a very small proportion of the welfare impact of HIV/AIDS.

Macroeconomics --- Diseases: AIDS and HIV --- Demography --- Health: General --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- General Welfare --- Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income and Wealth: Africa --- Oceania --- Economic Development: General --- Health Behavior --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Demographic Economics: General --- HIV/AIDS --- Health economics --- Population & demography --- HIV and AIDS --- Health --- Personal income --- Aging --- Population and demographics --- National accounts --- HIV --- Viruses --- Income --- Population aging --- Population --- South Africa --- Hiv and AIDS --- Hiv --- Hiv/AIDS

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This 2002 Article IV Consultation highlights that real GDP growth for Swaziland fell from 7¾ percent annually during the 1980s to 3¾ percent during the 1990s. In 2001, growth declined further to 1.8 percent, reflecting a fall in export demand associated with the economic slowdown in South Africa, foreign disinvestment in some industries, and poor weather. Economic activity appears to have weakened further in 2002, with manufacturing output showing the effects of additional closures by foreign firms and agricultural output being affected by the drought in the region.

Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Diseases: AIDS and HIV --- Health Behavior --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- HIV/AIDS --- Public finance & taxation --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Pensions --- Monetary economics --- International economics --- HIV and AIDS --- Real effective exchange rates --- Pension spending --- Monetary base --- External debt --- Health --- Money --- Expenditure --- HIV --- Viruses --- Money supply --- Debts, External --- Eswatini, Kingdom of --- Hiv and AIDS --- Hiv --- Hiv/AIDS