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Sahelanthropus tchadensis --- Fossil hominids --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Sahelanthropus tchadensis --- Homme fossile --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Chad --- Tchad --- Antiquities. --- Antiquités
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La case obus est cette forme architecturale si singulière qu'elle avait marqué André Gide lors de son séjour en Afrique dans les années vingt. Notées par tous les voyageurs et missionnaires comme formes inédites, ces architectures ont été attestées dans le Nord Cameroun et au Tchad où vivent les Musgums, peuple de pêcheurs et d'éleveurs de poneys. Véritable curiosité coloniale, elles ont suscité de nombreuses descriptions imagées : " poterie cuite par le soleil ardent ", " pains de sucre ", " coquille d'œuf " ; mais le terme " case obus " s'est vite imposé, à cause d'une métaphore évidente pour les premiers observateurs, tous militaires. Ces cases sont construites dans un mélange de terre et d'herbe, sur un plan circulaire, par superposition d'assises successives, pour des unités pouvant atteindre quinze à vingt mètres de hauteur. Cet ouvrage propose une redécouverte de cette architecture. D'abord par une approche historique du peuple Musgum et des formes d'habitat rencontrées dans la région. Ensuite par le compte rendu d'un chantier-école mené par Patrimoine sans frontières, qui a conduit à la construction de cinq cases obus grâce à une redécouverte des savoir-faire locaux. Outre la description détaillée des techniques constructives originales que cette forme spectaculaire impose, sont abordés les problèmes liés à la transmission des savoirs dans les sociétés traditionnelles et à la résurgence puis l'appropriation d'espaces inscrits dans la mémoire collective des Musgum.
Vernacular architecture --- Musgu (African people) --- Architecture vernaculaire --- Mousgoum (Peuple d'Afrique) --- Dwellings. --- Social life and customs. --- Habitations --- Moeurs et coutumes --- Construction en terre --- Histoire --- Vernacular architecture - Cameroon --- Vernacular architecture - Chad --- Musgu (African people) - Dwellings --- Musgu (African people) - Social life and customs --- Cameroun
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The national poverty reduction strategy (NPRS) is the concrete manifestation of the government's commitment with respect to Chad's eligibility under the enhanced highly indebted poor countries (EHIPC) initiative. The program will work to create conditions for sustained growth by the end of the oil era, by appropriate and efficient use of both the EHIPC initiative and oil project funds. This paper is articulated around the process of preparation of the NPRS, diagnostic assessment of poverty, determinants of poverty and the overall outlook for development in Chad.
Social Services and Welfare --- Demography --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Education: General --- Demographic Economics: General --- Health: General --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Poverty & precarity --- Education --- Population & demography --- Health economics --- Social welfare & social services --- Poverty --- Population and demographics --- Health --- Poverty reduction strategy --- Population --- Chad
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Savannas --- Geography --- Biodiversity --- Climatology --- farming systems --- socioeconomic organization --- Rural sociology --- Cameroon --- Chad --- Central African Republic --- Central Africa --- 912 <66> --- <674.3> --- <674.1> --- <671.1> --- 631 --- 338.26 --- 338.26 Economische planning. Nationale plannen. Ontwikkelingsplannen. Meerjarenplannen. Plattelandsontwikkeling. Rural development. Kosten-batenanlyse --- Economische planning. Nationale plannen. Ontwikkelingsplannen. Meerjarenplannen. Plattelandsontwikkeling. Rural development. Kosten-batenanlyse --- 631 Agriculture in general --- Agriculture in general --- <671.1> Kameroen --- Kameroen --- <674.1> Centraal Afrikaanse Republiek --- Centraal Afrikaanse Republiek --- <674.3> Tsjaad --- Tsjaad --- Cartografie. Kaarten. Plattegronden. Atlassen--Westafrikaanse Staten en Gebieden. West-Afrika --- Agriculture --- Afrique centrale
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Art --- art [fine art] --- Pogacar, Tadej --- Parreno, Philippe --- Tolj, Slaven --- Mauri, Fabio --- Mirra, Helen --- Tavares, Ana Maria --- Benassi, Elisabetta --- Pfeiffer, Paul --- Sasnal, Wilhelm --- Pumhösl, Florian --- Araujo, Juan --- Sameshima, Dean --- Bonillas, Inaki --- Xhafa, Sislej --- Skreber, Dirk --- Dragset, Ingar --- Sántiz Gómez, Maruch --- Deki, Yayoi --- McCorkle, Corey --- Büchel, Christoph --- Almond, Darren --- Tuymans, Luc --- Blum, Michael --- Bartana, Yael --- Pernice, Manfred --- Evans, Cerith Wyn --- Mehretu, Julie --- Rentmeister, Thomas --- Fischer, Urs --- Burtynsky, Edward --- Abian, Sonia --- Schneider, Gregor --- McCail, Chad --- Durant, Sam --- Sullivan, Catherine --- Frei, Luca --- Rhii, Jewyo --- Sala, Anri --- Nara, Yoshitomo --- Claerbout, David --- Semper, Ene-Liis --- Albenda, Ricci --- Billing, Johanna --- Snyder, Sean --- Pierson, Jack --- Feldmann, Hans-Peter --- LOT-EK --- Umbaca, Enzo --- Monk, Jonathan --- Boyce, Martin --- Pilson, John --- Elmgreen, Michael --- Peterman, Dan --- Sasse, Jörg --- Jankowski, Christian --- Ribeiro, Nuno --- Lambri, Luisa --- Nicolai, Carsten --- Tuggar, Fatimah --- McKenzie, Lucy --- Gardner, Tim --- Antille, Emmanuelle --- Erlich, Leandro --- Otto-Knapp, Silke --- Ondàk, Roman --- Lozano-Hemmer, Rafael --- Fast, Omer --- Odani, Motohiko --- Reed, David --- Lee, Bul --- Gonzalez-Torres, Felix --- Koshlyakov, Valery --- Macchi, Jorge --- Tuerlinckx, Joëlle --- Zakharov, Vadim --- McMullan, Patrick --- Kozyra, Katarzyna --- Donnelly, Trisha --- Margreiter, Dorit --- Sierra, Santiago --- Philipsz, Susan --- Althamer, Paweł --- Cassaro, Franklin --- Althoff, Kai --- Kawara, On --- Milhazes, Beatriz --- Bulloch, Angela --- de Rijke/de Rooij --- Umberg, Günter --- Hiller, Susan --- Braila, Pavel --- Clark, Lygia --- Cuevas, Minerva --- Akakçe, Haluk --- Margolles, Teresa --- Nguyen-Hatsushiba, Jun --- Moos, Julie --- Davila, Jose --- Rossell, Daniela --- July, Miranda --- Bock, John --- Odenbach, Marcel --- Weerasethakul, Achichatpong --- Raad, Walid --- Doig, Peter --- Tyson, Keith --- do Espiritu Santo, Iran --- Zaccagnini, Carla --- Atelier Van Lieshout [Rotterdam] --- Gruppe OHO --- anno 2000-2009 --- anno 1990-1999 --- hedendaagse kunst --- Contemporary [style of art] --- biografieën (genre) --- 7(03) --- Aan een panel van 10 curatoren, geselecteerd door uitgeverij Phaidon, werd gevraagd om elk 10 kunstenaars uit te kiezen die volgens hen het meest significant zijn in de hedendaagse kunst, waar ook ter wereld. --- Beeldende kunst ; 1999-2003 ; biënnale-catalogus --- Cream --- 7.038 --- 7.039 --- Abian Sonia --- Akakçe Haluk --- Albenda Ricci --- Almond Darren --- Althamer Pawel --- Althoff Kai --- Antille Emmanuelle --- Araujo Juan --- Atelier van Lieshout --- Atlas Group --- Bartana Yael --- Benassi Elisabetta --- Billing Johanna --- Blum Michael --- Bock John --- Bonillas Iñaki --- Boyce Martin --- Braila Pavel --- Bulloch Angela --- Burtynsky Edward --- Büchel Christoph --- Cassaro Franklin --- Claerbout David --- Clark Lydia --- Commissioning Editor : Gilda Williams --- Cuevas Minerva --- Davila Jose --- De Rijke Jeroen --- De Rijke/De Rooij --- De Rooij Willem --- Deki Yaoi --- Doig Peter --- Donnelly Trisha --- Dragset Ingar --- Durant Sam --- Elmgreen Michael --- Erlich Leandro --- Fast Omer --- Feldmann Hans-Peter --- Fischer Urs --- Frei Luca --- Gardner Tim --- Gonzalez-Torres Felix --- Hiller Susan --- Jankowski Christian --- July Miranda --- Kawara On --- Koshlyakov Valery --- Kozyra Katarzyna --- Lambri Luisa --- Lee Bul --- Lot-Ek --- Lozano-Hemmer Rafael --- Macchi Jorge --- Margolles Teresa --- Margreiter Dorit --- Mauri Fabio --- McCall Chad --- McCorkle Chorey --- McKenzie Lucy --- McMullan Patrick --- Mehretu Julie --- Milhazes Beatriz --- Mirra Helen --- Monk Jonathan --- Moos Julie --- Nara Yoshitomo --- Nguyen-Hatsushiba Jun --- Nicolai Carsten --- Nicolai Olaf --- OHO Group --- Odani Motohiko --- Odenbach Marcel --- Ondak Roman --- Otto-Knapp Silke --- Parenno Philippe --- Pernice Manfred --- Peterman Dan --- Pfeiffer Paul --- Philipsz Susan --- Pierson Jack --- Pilson John --- Pogacar Tadej --- Pumhösl Florian --- Raad Walid --- Reed David --- Rentmeister Thomas --- Rhii Jewyo --- Ribeiro Nuno --- Rossell Daniela --- Sala Anri --- Sameshima Dean --- Santiz-Gomez Maruch --- Sasnal Wilhelm --- Sasse Jörg --- Schneider Gregor --- Semper Ene-Liis --- Sierra Santiago --- Skreber Dirk --- Snyder Sean --- Sullivan Catherine --- Tavares Ana Maria --- Toij Slaven --- Tuerlinckx Joëlle --- Tuggar Fatimah --- Tuymans Luc --- Tyson Keith --- Umbaca Enzo --- Umberg Günter --- Weerasethakul Apichatpong --- Wyn Evans Cerith --- Xhafa Sislej --- Zaccagnini Carla --- Zakharov Vadim --- beeldhouwkunst --- do Espirito Santo Iran --- fotografie --- installaties --- kunst --- schilderkunst --- twintigste eeuw --- 20e eeuw --- 705.8 --- grafische vormgeving --- videokunst --- Kunst ; encyclopedieën --- kunstgeschiedenis, 20e eeuw --- Art, Modern --- Conceptual art --- Influence --- Art conceptuel --- Catalogs. --- Catalogs --- Catalogues --- Bonillas, Iñaki --- Dávila, José --- Aan een panel van 10 curatoren, geselecteerd door uitgeverij Phaidon, werd gevraagd om elk 10 kunstenaars uit te kiezen die volgens hen het meest significant zijn in de hedendaagse kunst, waar ook ter wereld --- Art, Conceptual --- Concept art --- Language art (Fine arts) --- Possible art --- Post-object art --- Performance art --- Earthworks (Art) --- Sky art --- Espirito Santo, do, Iran --- OHO --- Gonzales-Torres, Felix --- art [discipline]
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