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zones monetaires --- valutazones --- #A0309PSA --- International finance --- 332.042 --- eua --- monnaie --- politique economique --- politique monetaire --- union economique monetaire --- 333.430 --- 333.432.8 --- AA / International- internationaal --- International monetary system --- International money --- vsa --- geld --- economisch beleid --- monetair beleid --- economische en monetaire unie --- Internationale monetaire unies, conventies en akkoorden: algemeen --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten --- Finance --- International economic relations

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Investors have too often extrapolated from recent experience. In the 1950s, who but the most rampant optimist would have dreamt that over the next fifty years the real return on equities would be 9% per year? Yet this is what happened in the U.S. stock market. The optimists triumphed. However, as Don Marquis observed, an optimist is someone who never had much experience. The authors of this book extend our experience across regions and across time. They present a comprehensive and consistent analysis of investment returns for equities, bonds, bills, currencies and inflation, spanning sixteen countries, from the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twenty-first. This is achieved in a clear and simple way, with over 130 color diagrams that make comparison easy. Crucially, the authors analyze total returns, including reinvested income. They show that some historical indexes overstate long-term performance because they are contaminated by survivorship bias and that long-term stock returns are in most countries seriously overestimated, due to a focus on periods that with hindsight are known to have been successful. The book also provides the first comprehensive evidence on the long-term equity risk premium--the reward for bearing the risk of common stocks. The authors reveal whether the United States and United Kingdom have had unusually high stock market returns compared to other countries. The book covers the U.S., the U.K., Japan, France, Germany, Canada, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, the Netherlands, Sweden, Belgium, Ireland, Denmark, and South Africa. Triumph of the Optimists is required reading for investment professionals, financial economists, and investors. It will be the definitive reference in the field and consulted for years to come.

-Stocks --- -#ECO:02.04:financiële sector geldmarkt kapitaalmarkt beleggingen beurs --- dividendes --- 333.630 --- 307.331 --- Common shares --- Common stocks --- Equities --- Equity capital --- Equity financing --- Shares of stock --- Stock issues --- Stock offerings --- Stock trading --- Trading, Stock --- Stock repurchasing --- Crowding out (Economics) --- -Prices --- -kapitaalmarkt --- dividenden --- Effecten: algemeenheden. --- Statistieken van de noteringen van de effecten. --- Capital market --- Investments, Foreign --- Investments --- Rate of return --- Stocks --- 332.6 --- eua --- international --- investissements --- marche des capitaux --- revenus --- royaume uni --- #ECO:02.04:financiële sector geldmarkt kapitaalmarkt beleggingen beurs --- AA / International- internationaal --- 336.7 --- 338 <09> --- 338 <09> Economische geschiedenis --- Economische geschiedenis --- 336.7 Geldwezen. Kredietwezen. Bankwezen. Financien. Monetaire econonomie. Beurswezen --- Geldwezen. Kredietwezen. Bankwezen. Financien. Monetaire econonomie. Beurswezen --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Capital movements --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Efficient market theory --- Bonds --- Corporations --- Going public (Securities) --- Stockholders --- Investment return --- Investment yield --- Return on equity --- Return on investment --- ROI (Rate of return) --- Capital investments --- Profit --- Ratio analysis --- Risk-return relationships --- Investing --- Investment management --- Portfolio --- Disinvestment --- Saving and investment --- Speculation --- History --- Prices --- vsa --- internationaal --- investeringen --- kapitaalmarkt --- inkomens --- verenigd koninkrijk --- Statistieken van de noteringen van de effecten --- Effecten: algemeenheden --- International finance --- Capital market - History - 20th century --- Investments - History - 20th century --- Stocks - Prices - History - 20th century --- Rate of return - History - 20th century --- Investments, Foreign - History - 20th century