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This paper reviews the recent growth experience of the Greek and Portuguese economies and their determinants, comparing it with the rest of the euro area as well as a large set of other economies. Estimates from fixed effects panel and cross-section regressions are used to estimate how changes in economic policies and structural reforms have been translated into growth during 1980–99. These estimates help to explain the slow growth performance of the Greek economy from 1980 up to the mid-1990s, and the acceleration of growth in recent years.

Macroeconomics --- Production and Operations Management --- Production --- Cost --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capacity --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Total factor productivity --- Potential output --- Productivity --- Structural reforms --- Government consumption --- Macrostructural analysis --- National accounts --- Industrial productivity --- Economic theory --- Consumption --- Economics --- Greece

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This paper examines the Republic of Lithuania’s 2001 Article IV Consultation and First Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement. The macroeconomic objectives for 2001 are expected to be largely attained and all end-September performance criteria and structural benchmarks were met. The authorities’ priority is to stabilize revenue while creating a tax system consistent with European Union (EU) requirements. Underpinned by the fiscal adjustment, the currency board arrangement continued to anchor macroeconomic policies. The authorities remain committed to their ambitious structural reform agenda, which is driven in part by requirements of EU accession.

Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Foreign Exchange --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Trade: General --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Banking --- Finance --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- External debt --- Expenditure --- Revenue administration --- Exports --- International trade --- Structural reforms --- Macrostructural analysis --- Debts, External --- Expenditures, Public --- Banks and banking --- Revenue --- Lithuania, Republic of

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This volume presents 18 IMF research studies on the causes and consequences of corruption, as well as how it can most effectively be combated to improve governance, increase economic growth, and reduce poverty. The authors examine how civil service wages affect corruption, the impact of natural resource availability on corruption, the impact of corruption on a country’s income distribution and incidence of poverty, and the effect of corruption on government expenditures on health and education.

Public finance --- Political corruption --- Expenditures, Public --- Corruption (Politique) --- Dépenses publiques --- Economic aspects --- Aspect économique --- International Monetary Fund --- 339.96 --- 336.5 --- AA / International- internationaal --- 336.208 --- 343.35 --- 343.30 --- 323.4 --- Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- Overheidsuitgaven. Openbare financien. Staatsuitgaven. Lopende staatsuitgaven --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie. --- Misdrijven tegen de openbare administratie, de belasting- en administratieve wetgeving. --- Misdrijven tegen het openbaar gezag: algemeenheden. --- Politieke zeden.Partijgeest. Nepotisme. Favoritisme. --- Government - General --- Law, Politics & Government --- Political Institutions & Public Administration - General --- Economic aspects. --- 336.5 Overheidsuitgaven. Openbare financien. Staatsuitgaven. Lopende staatsuitgaven --- 339.96 Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- International Monetary Fund. --- Dépenses publiques --- Aspect économique --- Boss rule --- Corruption (in politics) --- Graft in politics --- Malversation --- Political scandals --- Politics, Practical --- Corrupt practices --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Corruption --- Misconduct in office --- Politieke zeden.Partijgeest. Nepotisme. Favoritisme --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie --- Misdrijven tegen het openbaar gezag: algemeenheden --- Misdrijven tegen de openbare administratie, de belasting- en administratieve wetgeving --- IMF. --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Criminology --- Natural Resources --- Bureaucracy --- Administrative Processes in Public Organizations --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- National Security and War --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Corporate crime --- white-collar crime --- Public finance & taxation --- Labour --- income economics --- Environmental management --- Education --- Expenditure --- Structural reforms --- Defense spending --- Personal income --- Crime --- Macrostructural analysis --- National accounts --- Income --- Income distribution --- Russian Federation --- Income economics --- White-collar crime

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Kolodko, former finance minister of Poland, considers the links between issues of globalization and post-communist transition, the two most important economic features of the turn of the century. He discusses the pattern of economic growth and contraction of the past fifty years, and reviews the options for the next half century. He accounts for the severity of the transitional recession in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union as a result of both the legacies of the past and current policy mistakes, but demonstrates how structural reforms and gradual institutional building have enabled some postsocialist economies to recover. He proposes that, within the wider context of globalization, several of these emerging market economies will be able to catch up with the more advanced industrial countries, but emphasizes the need for quality growth policies and continuing coordination between development strategies and efforts toward structural reform.

Grzegorz W. Kolodko is John C. Evans Professor in European Studies at the University of Rochester, and Director of TIGER -- Transformation, Integration and Globalization Economic Research -- at the Leon Kozminski Academy of Entrepreneurship and Management [WSPiZ].

Globalization --- Post-communism --- Economic aspects. --- Europe, Eastern --- Former Soviet republics --- Economic conditions --- Economic conditions. --- Post-communism. --- Economic history. --- Postcomunismo --- Globalización --- History, Economic --- Economics --- Postcommunism --- World politics --- Communism --- Aspectos económicos. --- Soviet Union --- Eastern Europe. --- Antiguas Repúblicas Sovieticas --- Europa Oriental --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Condiciones económicas. --- Condiciones económicas --- Development Strategies. --- Economic Growth. --- Globalization. --- Institutional Building. --- Post-Communist Transition. --- Structural Reform. --- Structural Reforms.