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The success (and misfortunes) of the post-war Japanese economy has been one of the most debated points in modern economics. Many explanations focus on cultural and institutional factors, and in particular the role of 'Informality' (networks organizing business activity and government policy). Adrian van Rixtel, an economist at the European Central Bank, provides a quantitative and qualitative assessment of Informality in the formation of Japanese monetary policy. Having been based in Japan for three years, two years of which were spent at the Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies at the Bank of Japan and the Japanese Ministry of Finance, he is able to bring a unique 'insider-outsider' perspective to the subject.

Monetary policy. --- Money --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Monetary policy --- -Business networks --- -Strategic alliances (Business) --- -339.530952 --- Fc1.ijap --- Business networking --- Networking, Business --- Networks, Business --- Social networks --- Industrial clusters --- Strategic alliances (Business) --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Business networks --- E-books --- 339.530952

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In studies of inter-organizational relations (lOR's), there is a tendency to look at dyads of flrms, and to consider networks as aggregates of such dyads. But there are several roles for a third party; a go-between. This chapter looks at a go-between not in the sense of a middleman who intermediates in existing production or trade, such as an agent, wholesaler, retailer, and not in the sense of an entrepreneur who intermediates in the realization of new potential in connecting supply and demand. It looks at a go­ between in the sense of a relationship counsellor for the development and maintenance of social capital; providing support in setting up, adapting and ending cooperative relations between others. Or, in yet different terms: to help in the embedding of relati­ ons, in Granovetter's (1985) sense (Uzzi 1997a). Such roles may be performed by middlemen or entrepreneurs, but also by specialized agents who do not playa direct role in linking stages in a chain of production and distribution, as middlemen and entrepreneurs typically do. Indeed, some of the roles require an independence that is served by not having a direct stake in the relations that need to be developed. I propose that the analysis yields a perspective for looking at the roles of trade and industry associations in European business systems, and of banks and trading houses in Japanese enterprise groups (Kigyo Shudan).

658.112 --- Business networks --- Social networks --- Industrial organization --- Social capital (Sociology) --- Capital, Social (Sociology) --- Sociology --- Industries --- Organization --- Industrial concentration --- Industrial management --- Industrial sociology --- Networking, Social --- Networks, Social --- Social networking --- Social support systems --- Support systems, Social --- Interpersonal relations --- Cliques (Sociology) --- Microblogs --- Business networking --- Networking, Business --- Networks, Business --- Industrial clusters --- Strategic alliances (Business) --- 658.112 Site, location, place of business --- Site, location, place of business --- Business networks. --- Industrial organization. --- Social capital (Sociology). --- Social networks. --- Business. --- Management science. --- Marketing. --- Management. --- Sociology. --- Business and Management, general. --- Sociology, general. --- Administration --- Industrial relations --- Consumer goods --- Domestic marketing --- Retail marketing --- Retail trade --- Aftermarkets --- Selling --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- Trade --- Economics --- Management --- Commerce --- Quantitative business analysis --- Problem solving --- Operations research --- Statistical decision --- Marketing

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Computer architecture. Operating systems --- #BIBC:ruil --- Electronic data processing --- Electronic information resource searching --- Records --- System analysis --- Network theory --- Systems analysis --- System theory --- Mathematical optimization --- Disposition of records --- Records management --- Computer searching --- Electronic searching --- Online searching --- Searching electronic information resources --- Information retrieval --- ADP (Data processing) --- Automatic data processing --- Data processing --- EDP (Data processing) --- IDP (Data processing) --- Integrated data processing --- Computers --- Office practice --- Management --- Automation --- Network analysis --- Network science --- System analysis. --- Social networks --- Networking, Social --- Networks, Social --- Social networking --- Social support systems --- Support systems, Social --- Interpersonal relations --- Cliques (Sociology) --- Microblogs --- Computer simulation --- Mathematical models --- Research&delete& --- Methodology --- Research

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Promoting innovation requires innovative government policy. Innovation through the creation, diffusion and use of knowledge has become a key driver of economic growth and provides part of the response to many new societal challenges. However, the determinants of innovation performance have changed in a globalising, knowledge-based economy. Government policy to boost innovation performance must be adapted accordingly, based on a sound conceptual framework. Synthesising the results of a multi-year OECD project on national innovation systems (NIS), this publication demonstrates how the NIS approach can be implemented in designing and implementing more efficient technology and innovation policies.

Business networks. --- Creative ability in technology. --- Technological innovations. --- Technological innovations --- Creative ability in technology --- Business networks --- Inventions --- Strategic alliances (Business) --- Economic development --- Industrial policy --- Management --- Business & Economics --- Management Styles & Communication --- Business --- Industries --- Industry and state --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Alliances in business --- Business alliances, Strategic --- Corporate alliances --- Strategic business alliances --- Strategic corporate alliances --- Strategic partnerships (Business) --- Business networking --- Networking, Business --- Networks, Business --- Technical creativity --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Government policy --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Partnership --- Prior art (Patent law) --- Research, Industrial --- Social networks --- Industrial clusters --- Technology --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Technology transfer

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This groundbreaking study marks the culmination of over twenty years of research by one of this country's most prominent Mexico scholars. Roderic Ai Camp provides a detailed, comprehensive examination of Mexico's power elite-their political power, societal influence, and the crucial yet often overlooked role mentoring plays in their rise to the top. In the course of this book, he traces the careers of approximately four hundred of the country's most notable politicians, military officers, clergy, intellectuals, and capitalists. Thoroughly researched and drawn from in-depth interviews with some of Mexico's most powerful players, Mexico's Mandarins provides insight into the machinations of Mexican leadership and an important glimpse into the country's future as it steps onto the global stage.

Elite (Social sciences) --- Mentoring --- Leadership --- Social networks --- Elites (Social sciences) --- Power (Social sciences) --- Social classes --- Social groups --- Mentorship --- Counseling --- Ability --- Command of troops --- Followership --- Networking, Social --- Networks, Social --- Social networking --- Social support systems --- Support systems, Social --- Interpersonal relations --- Cliques (Sociology) --- Microblogs --- Social stratification --- Economic sociology --- anno 2000-2009 --- Mexico --- 21st century. --- anthropology. --- capitalists. --- career. --- clergy. --- contemporary mexico. --- cultural social. --- economists. --- elite class. --- globalization. --- influential people. --- intellectuals. --- latin american studies. --- mandarins. --- mexican history. --- mexican leaders. --- mexican society. --- mexico scholars. --- mexico. --- military officers. --- modern history. --- nonfiction study. --- nonfiction. --- personal interviews. --- political power. --- politicians. --- power elite. --- retrospective. --- social climb. --- societal influences. --- textbooks. --- upper class.