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Acacia --- Acacia --- Germplasm --- Germplasm --- Collection --- Collections --- breeding methods --- breeding methods --- Disease resistance --- Disease resistance --- Pest resistance --- Pest resistance
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Pinus --- Pinus --- Germplasm --- Germplasm --- Collection --- Collections --- breeding methods --- breeding methods --- Disease resistance --- Disease resistance --- Pest resistance --- Pest resistance
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The yeast P. anomala strain K protects post-harvest apples against Botrytis cinerea. Two genes encoding exo-beta-1, 3-glucanases, PaEXG1 and PaEXG2 have been isolated from strain K genome thanks to conserved regions in fungal exo-beta-1, 3-glucanases and to the sequencing of PaEXG2, an exo-beta-1, 3-glucanase from strain K culture fluids. PaEXG1 potentially encodes a 498 amino acids long protein, with a calculated molecular weight of 58 kDa, an estimated pI of 4.79 and 8 potential sites for N-linked glycosylation. PaEXG2 has a coding capacity for an acidic protein of 427 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 49 kDa, a calculated pI of 4.70 and one potential N-glycosylation site. Haploid uracil auxotrophic mutants derived from strain K showed an inferior biocontrol effect and colonization of apple wounded sites compared to the prototrophic strain. Antagonism and colonization were recovered after restoration of the prototrophy by transformation with the URA3 gene encoding orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase. PaEXG1 and PaEXG2 genes were separately disrupted by the insertion of the URA3 marker gene in their ORFs. Integrative transformation was shown to be mostly ectopic in strain K descendants (only 4 % of integration by homologous recombination). Disruption of PaEXG1 or PaEXG2 had no visible effect on in vitro growth with B. cinerea cell walls preparation as the sole carbon source or in apple wounds. PaEXG1 disruption had no effect on the in vitro or in situ extracellular exo-beta-1, 3-glucanases activity production while PaEXG2 disruption abolished all detectable activity in vitro and in vivo. Disruption of PaEXG1 or PaEXG2 did not affect the biocontrol towards B. cinerea on wounded apples, showing that the products of those genes are dispensable for protective activity (in singly disrupted mutants).
Apples --- Apples --- Botrytis cinerea --- Botrytis cinerea --- Enzyme activity --- Enzyme activity --- Biological control --- Biological control --- genetic code --- genetic code --- Pichia --- Pichia --- Molecular genetics --- Molecular genetics --- Disease resistance --- Disease resistance
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Wheat RFLP markers were selected for providing a readable hybridization pattern and characterized for their polymorphism information content. We report the mapping of 160 loci, corresponding to 132 markers, on the genetic map of a wheat reference population. This map resulting from joined works of different labs, constitutes an essential tool for further molecular marker assisted wheat breeding. Molecular markers were used to study the genetic basis of the quantitative resistance to powdery mildew of the wheat line RE714. Two doubled haploid populations from the crosses between RE714 and the susceptible parents Festin and Hardi were used. Using RFLP and microsatellites markers, genetic maps were developed for both populations ; line resistance was observed in field tests over different environments. Considering both populations and all the environments tested, the segregation data from molecular markers and resistance allowed us to detect 9 QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) involved in the quantitative resistance of RE714. Among them, we found residual effects of the race-specific resistance genes Pm4b and MIRE. Two major QTL were very stable since they were detected across the two populations and all environments tested. Comparing the two populations, we show differences in the QTL detected according to the susceptible parent used and that the genetic background of Hardi leads to a lack of residual effect at the Pm4b gene.
Triticum aestivum --- Triticum aestivum --- Mildews --- Mildews --- Disease resistance --- Disease resistance --- genomes --- genomes --- genetic markers --- genetic markers --- genetic maps --- genetic maps --- Genetic polymorphism --- Genetic polymorphism --- RFLP --- RFLP
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Musa --- Musa --- Varieties --- Varieties --- Fusarium --- Fusarium --- Mycosphaerella --- Mycosphaerella --- plant nematodes --- plant nematodes --- Disease resistance --- Disease resistance --- Pest resistance --- Pest resistance --- evaluation. --- evaluation
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Lycopersicon esculentum --- Lycopersicon esculentum --- Fusarium --- Fusarium --- Disease resistance --- Disease resistance --- Bacterial pesticides --- Bacterial pesticides --- Bacillus --- Bacillus --- Pseudomonas fluorescens --- Pseudomonas fluorescens --- Pseudomonas putida --- Pseudomonas putida --- Application methods --- Application methods --- Plant response --- Plant response --- Plant physiology --- Plant physiology --- Bacillus sphaericus --- Bacillus sphaericus
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Lycopersicon esculentum --- Lycopersicon esculentum --- Botrytis --- Botrytis --- Disease resistance --- Disease resistance --- Induced resistance --- Induced resistance --- genetic engineering --- genetic engineering --- plant growth substances --- plant growth substances --- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum --- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Oidium neolycopersici --- Oidium neolycopersici
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Solanum tuberosum --- Solanum tuberosum --- Gene pools --- Gene pools --- Germplasm conservation --- Germplasm conservation --- breeding methods --- breeding methods --- Winter hardiness --- Winter hardiness --- Disease resistance --- Disease resistance --- production factors --- production factors --- Adjustment of production --- Adjustment of production --- world --- world
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Brassica napus --- Brassica napus --- Disease resistance --- Disease resistance --- Pathogens --- Pathogens --- Lycopersicon esculentum --- Lycopersicon esculentum --- pathogenesis --- pathogenesis --- gene expression --- gene expression --- genetic engineering --- genetic engineering --- Leptosphaeria maculans --- Leptosphaeria maculans --- Erysiphe polygoni --- Erysiphe polygoni
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Cucurbitaceae --- Cucurbitaceae --- Seasonal cropping --- Seasonal cropping --- Protected cultivation --- Protected cultivation --- Fertilizer application --- Fertilizer application --- cultural methods --- cultural methods --- environmental factors --- environmental factors --- Plant diseases --- Plant diseases --- genetic engineering --- genetic engineering --- Disease resistance --- Disease resistance --- Maturity --- Maturity --- Postharvest physiology --- Postharvest physiology --- Lutte --- Lutte
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