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Weaning foals marks a stressful event in horses' lives. Limited research exists regarding different housing methods post-weaning and the long-term implications on horse behavior and welfare. The purpose of this study was to monitor behavior and physiological stress markers in horses weaned individually in solid partition box stalls versus horses weaned in small groups and housed in paddocks. Both treatment groups underwent maternal deprivation stress, but the stalled weanlings had the additive effects of social isolation which prevented them from performing social behaviors. Quarter Horse weanlings from the Michigan State University, Merillat Equine Center, average age 4.5 months, were weaned in 13.4 m2 box stalls (n=6) or in groups of three in a 992 m2 paddock, which had very limited grazing forage and an open shelter available (n=6). Subjects were fed concentrate and hay to National Research Council recommendations. A time budget for 31 observed behaviors was developed. Behavioral observations were made 2 days per week, approximately 6 h per day, for the duration of the 56 days study. Instantaneous samples were recorded every 5 min on each observation day, with equal division between the two treatment groups (n=35 scans per horse per observation day). Focal data were recorded continuously between scans to provide a more detailed ethogram. On each observation day, fecal samples were collected to measure 11,17-dioxoandrostanes, an indicator of glucocorticoid metabolite concentration. Regarding the fecal 11,17-dioxoandrostanes, there was no discernible treatment difference either immediately post-weaning or at the conclusion of the 56 days study. Interestingly, all 12 weanlings showed a 4 week post-weaning increase in 11,17-dioxoandrostanes. The reason for this peak was unclear. Behavioral observations demonstrated a significantly different time budget in paddock-housed weanlings than in stall-housed weanlings (P<0.0001). Paddock-housed weanlings displayed a time

Ability. --- Age. --- Behavior. --- Boxes. --- Conspecific. --- Deprivation. --- Duration. --- Equine. --- Ethogram. --- Feral. --- Foal. --- Foals. --- Forage. --- Glucocorticoid. --- Grazing. --- Group. --- Hay. --- Horse. --- Horses. --- Housing. --- Increase. --- Isolation. --- Long-term. --- Lying. --- Maternal-deprivation. --- Maternal. --- Method. --- Motivation. --- Moving. --- Observation. --- Partition. --- Pawing. --- Physiological. --- Post weaning. --- Purpose. --- Research. --- Shelter. --- Social behavior. --- Social isolation. --- Social-behavior. --- Social-isolation. --- Social. --- Stress. --- Time budget. --- Time. --- Treatment. --- University. --- Weaning. --- Welfare.

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Childhood Poverty and Social Exclusion offers a rare and valuable opportunity to understand the issues and concerns that low-income children themselves identify as important. Using child-centred research methods to explore children's own accounts of their lives, this original book raises critical issues for both policy and practice.

Poor children. --- Marginality, Social. --- Marginality, Social --- Poor children --- Great Britain. --- Exclusion, Social --- Marginal peoples --- Social exclusion --- Social marginality --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Culture conflict --- Social isolation --- Sociology --- People with social disabilities --- Children of the poor --- Economically disadvantaged children --- Children --- Economic conditions

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#PBIB:2002.4 --- Arts and society --- Continuing education --- Culture --- Marginality, Social --- Exclusion, Social --- Marginal peoples --- Social exclusion --- Social marginality --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Culture conflict --- Social isolation --- Sociology --- People with social disabilities --- Cultural sociology --- Sociology of culture --- Civilization --- Popular culture --- Arts --- Arts and sociology --- Society and the arts --- Sociology and the arts --- Social aspects

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The contributors analyse the implications of social exclusion, offering suggestions for good practice in the allocation of housing for black and other ethnic minority groups. This book shows how racism and the shortage of housing workers from black and other ethnic minorities constrain the choices available to these groups.

Communication in housing policy --- Housing --- Marginality, Social --- Minorities --- Resident satisfaction --- Services for --- Ethnic minorities --- Foreign population --- Minority groups --- Exclusion, Social --- Marginal peoples --- Social exclusion --- Social marginality --- Affordable housing --- Homes --- Houses --- Housing needs --- Residences --- Slum clearance --- Urban housing --- Social aspects --- Persons --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Discrimination --- Ethnic relations --- Majorities --- Plebiscite --- Race relations --- Segregation --- Culture conflict --- Social isolation --- Sociology --- People with social disabilities --- City planning --- Dwellings --- Human settlements --- Housing policy

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Frontier and pioneer life --- Pioneers --- Loneliness --- Solitude --- Funeral rites and ceremonies --- Camp meetings --- United States Local History --- Regions & Countries - Americas --- History & Archaeology --- First settlers --- Settlers, First --- Persons --- Border life --- Homesteading --- Pioneer life --- Adventure and adventurers --- Manners and customs --- Campmeetings --- Tent revivals --- Evangelistic work --- Revivals --- Seclusion --- Privacy --- Social isolation --- Suffering --- Funerals --- Mortuary ceremonies --- Obsequies --- Rites and ceremonies --- Burial --- Cremation --- Cryomation --- Dead --- Mourning customs --- Social life and customs --- Psychology. --- History --- Psychology --- Texas, West --- West Texas --- Religious life and customs