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Development aid. Development cooperation --- Asian Development Bank --- Japan --- Kazakhstan
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Development aid. Development cooperation --- Asian Development Bank --- Japan --- Kazakhstan
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Development aid. Development cooperation --- Asian Development Bank --- Finland --- Kazakhstan
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Development aid. Development cooperation --- Asian Development Bank --- Japan --- Kazakhstan
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Turkistan (Kazakhstan) --- Islam --- Sufism --- Soufisme --- Kazakhs --- Mémoire collective --- Vie religieuse --- Religion --- Islam. --- Religious life. --- Mémoire collective
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By introducing a new national currency in November 1993, the Republic of Kazakstan took a decisive step towards establishing its political and economic independence. In the following years, Kazakstan made great efforts to lay the institutional foundation for econonmic policy in line with a free market system. The cooperation between Kazak experts and independent international advisors such as the group of German econonmists under the leadership of Lutz Hoffmann played an important role for the Kazak government in choosing the most effective concepts and instruments for economic policy. Thus, the main topic of this book is the discussion of the macroeconomic problems during the first years of transition and the role of international financial institutions, in particular the International Monetary Fund. The topics are dealt with in a new form of presentation, collecting the papers of the advisory group in chronological order.
KZ / Kazakhstan --- 331.30 --- 331.33 --- Economische toestand. --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik. --- Economische toestand --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- Kazakhstan --- Economic policy --- Economic policy. --- Macroeconomics. --- Economic Policy. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- Economics --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy
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This Selected Issues paper analyzes Kazakhstan's recent trends in the fiscal position of general government; the fiscal and oil price vulnerabilities; the fiscal framework; and tax administration. The paper also describes the development of activity in capital markets, the growth of pension funds, and examines the trade movements, exchange rate, and presents an evaluation of external competitiveness of the country. It also provides a statistical appendix report for the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Public finance & taxation --- Pensions --- Finance --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Pension spending --- Revenue administration --- Public debt --- Capital markets --- Fiscal stance --- Expenditure --- Financial markets --- Fiscal policy --- Revenue --- Debts, Public --- Capital market --- Kazakhstan, Republic of
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natuurlijke grondstoffen --- International economic relations --- Petroleum technology. Petrochemistry --- Russian Federation --- Azerbaijan --- United States --- Turkmenistan --- Iran --- Caspian Sea --- Kazakhstan --- Petroleum pipelines --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Location --- Caspian Sea Region --- Foreign economic relations --- Foreign relations --- Strategic aspects --- Location. --- Strategic aspects. --- Foreign economic relations. --- Russia --- Petroleum pipelines - Location - Caspian Sea Region --- Petroleum industry and trade - Caspian Sea Region --- Iran - Foreign economic relations --- United States - Foreign relations - Iran --- Iran - Foreign relations - United States --- Caspian Sea Region - Strategic aspects --- United States of America
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