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This report provides an overview of the recent economic developments in Armenia by analyzing its output growth, prices, wages, employment, public finances and social safety net, monetary and exchange rate developments, balance of payments, external debt developments, and exchange and trade system. The study evaluates the tax system reforms; outlines the present structure of the energy and other major quasi-fiscal sectors, and reviews the causes of the financial imbalances. The appendix provides a characterization of the publicly-owned utility providers that contribute to the financial problems of the energy sector.
Investments: Energy --- Exports and Imports --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Industries: Energy --- Energy and the Macroeconomy --- Electric Utilities --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Petroleum, oil & gas industries --- Investment & securities --- International economics --- Monetary economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Energy sector --- Electricity --- Arrears --- Monetary base --- Revenue administration --- Economic sectors --- Commodities --- External debt --- Money --- Energy industries --- Electric utilities --- Debts, External --- Money supply --- Revenue --- Armenia, Republic of
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Mongolia has made great strides in fostering a market economy and promoting macroeconomic stability under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) Arrangement. Executive Directors welcomed this step, and stressed the need to improve economic governance, fiscal and monetary policies, and accelerate structural reforms. They appreciated the fiscal transparency and accountability, realistic budgeting, better treasury management, and the privatization and energy sector reform. They agreed that the government's reform program merits the support of the international community, and approved the request for a three-year arrangement under the PRGF.
Budgeting --- Exports and Imports --- Public Finance --- Industries: Energy --- Social Services and Welfare --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Energy and the Macroeconomy --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Budgeting & financial management --- International economics --- Petroleum, oil & gas industries --- Social welfare & social services --- Public debt --- Budget planning and preparation --- Arrears --- Energy sector --- Expenditure --- Public financial management (PFM) --- External debt --- Economic sectors --- Debts, Public --- Budget --- Debts, External --- Energy industries --- Expenditures, Public --- Mongolia
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The IMF Executive Board announced on August 3 that it had completed the ninth review of Turkey’s economic program supported by the three-year Stand-By Arrangement. The Board’s decision will enable Turkey to draw SDR 1.2 billion (about $1.5 billion) immediately from the IMF. The text of News Brief No. 01/73, as well as a statement issued on July 28 by IMF First Deputy Managing Director Stanley Fischer (see page 262) is available on the IMF’s website (www.imf.org).
Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Social Services and Welfare --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Innovation --- Research and Development --- Technological Change --- Intellectual Property Rights: General --- Monetary Policy --- Health: General --- Energy and the Macroeconomy --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Finance --- Technology --- general issues --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Social welfare & social services --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Health --- Energy sector --- Education --- Financial markets --- Economic sectors --- Poverty reduction strategy --- Poverty --- Financial services industry --- Energy industries --- Turkey
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Romania showed progress in stabilization and reform, facilitated by substantial fiscal and external adjustments, under the Stand-By Arrangement. Executive Directors commended these developments, and emphasized the need to improve fiscal and monetary policies, and accelerate structural reforms. Directors appreciated the authorities' commitment to accelerate European Union accession, and stressed the need for fiscal consolidation, financial discipline in state-owned enterprises, and rapid privatization for reducing inflation and protecting external sustainability. They urged the authorities for the full implementation of the economic program, and approved a Stand-By Arrangement.
Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Industries: Energy --- Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions --- Privatization --- Contracting Out --- Energy and the Macroeconomy --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Petroleum, oil & gas industries --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- International economics --- Monetary economics --- Energy sector --- Public enterprises --- Current account deficits --- Monetary base --- Economic sectors --- Balance of payments --- Money --- Energy industries --- Government business enterprises --- Money supply --- Romania
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Trinidad and Tobago showed strong economic performance. Executive Directors welcomed this development, and emphasized the need to maintain strong fiscal and monetary policies, and accelerate structural reforms. They appreciated the proposals to include the state energy companies in the list of government assets, and noted the restructuring of the sugar sector. They mentioned Trinidad and Tobago's growing importance as a regional financial center, and commended the supervision of the financial system in line with international standards, and the good quality of statistics.
Banks and Banking --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Industries: Energy --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Energy and the Macroeconomy --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Monetary Policy --- Civil service & public sector --- Banking --- Petroleum, oil & gas industries --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Public finance & taxation --- Public sector --- Energy sector --- Public enterprises --- Public debt --- Economic sectors --- International reserves --- Central banks --- Finance, Public --- Energy industries --- Government business enterprises --- Banks and banking --- Debts, Public --- Foreign exchange reserves --- Trinidad and Tobago
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