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Econometric analysis based on panel data from Peru finds that changes in household welfare affect girls' work and schooling more than boys'. Using panel data from Peru, Ilahi investigates the determinants of the allocation of boys' and girls' time to schooling, housework, and income-generating activities. Specifically, she explores whether sickness, female headship, access to infrastructure, and employment of women in the household have different impacts on the time use of boys and girls. Girls mostly engage in housework, and boys mostly work outside the home. As a work activity, housework responds to economic incentives and constraints. The author's econometric findings suggest that changes in household welfare affect girls' work and schooling more than boys'. Even though boys' and girls' educational attainment rates are the same, girls' education responds more to changes in household welfare than does boys'. Similarly, girls are more likely than boys to adjust their home time in response to changes in adult female employment and to sickness of household members. Lack of access to energy infrastructure lowers the educational attainment of both boys and girls but has little affect on their labor. The traditional approach to the determinants of child labor and education excludes housework and may understate children's time use, particularly that of girls. It may therefore also overlook an important gender dimension of education policy. Safety nets that protect household incomes from employment shocks and sickness, and childcare programs that allow women to work, would reduce the likelihood of girls being pulled out of school. This paper-a product of the Gender Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region-was originally written for the recent World Bank publication Engendering Development.
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Child labor --- Children --- Enfants --- Social conditions --- Travail --- Conditions sociales --- Enfants de la rue --- Pérou --- Lima (Pérou)
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Child labor. --- Sociale agogiek --- jeugdbescherming en kinderrechten --- jeugdbescherming en kinderrechten. --- Enfants --- Travail
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Child labor --- Education, Elementary --- School attendance --- Enfants --- Enseignement primaire --- Fréquentation scolaire --- Travail
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Child labor --- Agricultural laborers --- Amish children --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Employment
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Featuring Lewis Hine's National Child Labor Committee photographs, the Photography Collections, University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
Children in art --- Child labor --- Photography, Artistic --- Children --- Children --- Photography of children --- Pictorialism (Photography movement) --- History --- History --- Hine, Lewis Wickes,
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Bibliotheek François Vercammen
Age group sociology --- Sociology of work --- kinderarbeid --- kindermishandeling --- Peru --- derde wereld --- Child labor --- Child slaves --- Youth - Employment --- Children --- Enfants --- Social conditions --- Travail --- Conditions sociales --- Youth --- derde wereld. --- Peru.
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An examination of how global markets exploit children throughout the world.
SOCIAL SCIENCE --- Children's Studies --- Child labor --- Child slaves --- Children --- Children's rights --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Employment --- Social conditions --- Child labor. --- Children's rights. --- Employment. --- Social conditions. --- Child rights --- Children's human rights --- Rights of children --- Rights of the child --- Slave children --- Employment of children --- Civil rights --- Law and legislation --- Human rights --- Slaves --- Labor --- Age and employment --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Enslaved persons --- Enslaved children
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In this timely volume emanating from the National Bureau of Economic Research's program in international economics, leading economists address recent developments in three important areas. The first section of the book focuses on international comparisons of output and prices, and includes papers that present new measures of product market integration, new methodology to infer relative factor price changes from quantitative data, and an ongoing capital stock measurement project. The next section features articles on international trade, including such significant issues as deterring child labor exploitation in developing countries, exchange rate regimes, and mapping U. S. comparative advantage across various factors. The book concludes with research on multinational corporations and includes a discussion of the long-debated issue of whether growth of production abroad substitutes for or is complementary to production growth at home. The papers in the volume are dedicated to Robert E. Lipsey, who for more than a half century at the NBER, contributed significantly to the broad field of empirical international economics.
International economic relations --- International trade --- International economic relations. --- E-books --- international economics, output, prices, exchange rate, developing countries, exploitation, child labor, trade, capital stock measurement, relative factor price, product market integration, multinational corporations, growth, nonfiction, economy, business, capitalism, foreign production, free markets, commerce, industry.
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The essays in this volume examine the interplay of children and technology, and address critical questions about how we understand the nature of childhood in a modern technocratic society.
Child labor --- Enfants --- Congresses --- Travail --- Congrès --- Technology and children --- Computers and children --- Information society --- Technologie et enfants --- Ordinateurs et enfants --- Société informatisée --- Technology. --- 193 Kinderrechten en Media --- Technology --- Arts, Industrial --- Industrial Arts --- Cloud Computing --- Applied science --- Arts, Useful --- Science, Applied --- Useful arts --- Science --- Industrial arts --- Material culture --- Study and teaching (Elementary) --- sociology. --- education. --- Sociale agogiek --- jeugdbescherming en kinderrechten --- jeugdbescherming en kinderrechten. --- Study and teaching (Elementary). --- Jeugdbescherming en kinderrechten. --- Congrès --- Société informatisée --- education --- sociology
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