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Behavioral economics. --- Demand function. --- Demand functions. --- Demand-functions. --- Demand. --- Fischer-344. --- Food. --- Function. --- Performance. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Rattus norvegicus. --- Rattus-norvegicus. --- Time. --- Water. --- Wistar. --- Wky.
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Year: 2001
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Behavioural demand functions are recognised as a way to assess the strength of animal motivation quantitatively. The purpose of the present experiment was to develop a method to evaluate the substitutability of two reinforcers by use of the degree of diversion of the cross point of two demand functions. Two strains of rats, Long Evans and Wistar Kyoto, worked in a closed economy with two partly substitutable reinforcers available for 2 h each day in a one-compartment chamber. Three kinds of waters were used in the experiments, namely, distilled water, acidified water and saccharine water. Four combinations of water were tested. The cost of the most attractive reinforcer was set using a fixed ratio (FR) reinforcement schedule. The schedule varied from FRIO to FR100 over 5 consecutive days and each schedule was repeated three times. The cost of the substitutable reinforcer was kept constant at FR55 throughout the experiment. Demand functions were generated on scales with FR-values on the x-axis and number of reinforcements on the y-axis. The cross points of the two demand functions in the four conditions were calculated. The results showed no significant difference between the two strains with regard to the cross point at a 5% level of significance. For distilled water versus distilled water which acted as control condition, the demand functions crossed at FR67.34 +/- 3.75. Testing saccharine water on the variable side and distilled water on the constant side resulted in cross point at FR69.84 +/- 3.89. The cross point for acidified water versus distilled water was FR84.0 +/- 4.68. The cross point for saccharine water tested against acidified water was FR88.31 +/- 4.92. No significant difference between the cross points in conditions I and 2 was found; neither was there significant difference between conditions 3 and 4. Comparing condition I or 2 with condition 3 or 4 showed a significant difference between the cross points, indicating that the demand for distilled water is higher than that for acidified water. Further experiments will reveal, if this method provides a way to enhance the sensitivity of traditional behavioural economics. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Animal. --- Assessment. --- Behavioral economics. --- Behavioural economics. --- Boxes. --- Control. --- Cost. --- Cross point. --- Demand function. --- Demand functions. --- Demand. --- Experiment. --- Experiments. --- Function. --- Kept. --- Level. --- Method. --- Motivation. --- Purpose. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Reinforcement. --- Scales. --- Sensitivity. --- Strength. --- Substitutability. --- Time. --- Welfare.
ISBN: 184064205X 9781840642056 Year: 2001 Publisher: Cheltenham Elgar
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Economic policy and planning (general) --- Social psychology --- Economics --- Motivation (Psychology) --- Human behavior --- Economic man. --- Economic policy. --- Economie politique --- Motivation (Psychologie) --- Comportement humain --- Homo oeconomicus --- Politique économique --- Psychological aspects. --- Economic aspects. --- Aspect psychologique --- Aspect économique --- Economic man --- Economic policy --- Psychological aspects --- Economic aspects --- 330.1 --- -Human behavior --- -Motivation (Psychology) --- AA / International- internationaal --- 330.00 --- Action, Psychology of --- Drive (Psychology) --- Psychology of action --- Psychology --- Action, Human --- Behavior, Human --- Ethology --- Human action --- Human beings --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Social sciences --- Psychology, Comparative --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Self-interest --- Economische grondbegrippen. Algemene begrippen in de economie --- Economische en sociale theorieën: algemeenheden. --- Behavior --- Motivation (Psychology). --- 330.1 Economische grondbegrippen. Algemene begrippen in de economie --- Politique économique --- Aspect économique --- Behavioral economics --- Behavioural economics --- Economische en sociale theorieën: algemeenheden --- Economics - Psychological aspects --- Human behavior - Economic aspects
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