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Year: 2001 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research
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Year: 2001 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research
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Year: 2001 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass.
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Digital
Year: 2001 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research
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Year: 2001 Publisher: Cambridge National Bureau Of Economic Research. Working Paper Nr. 8217
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Year: 2001 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research
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The 1990s emerging-markets crises were characterized by sudden reversals in inflows of foreign capital followed by unusually large declines in current account deficits, private expenditures, production, and prices of nontradable goods relative to tradables. This paper shows that these Sudden Stops can be the outcome of the equilibrium dynamics of a flexible-price economy with imperfect credit markets. Foreign debt is denominated in units of tradables and a liquidity constraint links credit-market access to the income generated in the nontradables sector and the relative price of nontradables. Sudden Stops occur when real shocks of foreign or domestic origin, or policy-induced shocks make this constraint binding. Sudden Stops are not reflected in long-run business cycle statistics but still they entail nontrivial welfare costs. These results question crises-management policies seeking to impose direct controls on private capital flows and favor those that work to weaken credit frictions.
Book
Year: 2001 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. National Bureau of Economic Research
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The theory of international macroeconomics shows that domestic tax policy in a global economy affects foreign economic conditions via complex, dynamic interactions through relative prices, tax revenues, and wealth distribution. This paper proposes a tractable quantitative framework for assessing tax policies that is consistent with this theory. The significance of the international transmission channels of tax policy is evaluated in the context of a 'workhorse' two-country dynamic general equilibrium model. The model is used to assess the potential effects of the European harmonization of capital income taxes. The results show that this policy, if enacted along the lines followed in harmonizing value-added taxes, yields large capital outflows and a significant erosion of tax revenue for Continental Europe while the opposite effects benefit the United Kingdom. Welfare in the United Kingdom rises as result, while Continental Europe may incur a substantial welfare cost.
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