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2000 (3)

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Wittgenstein, empiricism, and language
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ISBN: 019513298X 0195343999 1280472952 0585364737 9780585364735 9780195132984 9781280472954 9780195343991 019773197X Year: 2000 Publisher: New York: Oxford university press,

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Abstract

John W. Cook demonstrates how Wittgenstein's philosophical views have been misunderstood, including the failure to recognize the reductionist character of Wittgenstein's work and the unacknowledged influence of Russell.

Holism and reductionism in biology and ecology : the mutual dependence of higher and lower level research programmes
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ISBN: 0792360761 9048153646 9401595607 Year: 2000 Volume: 23 Publisher: Groningen Rijksuniversiteit

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Abstract

Holism and reductionism are traditionally seen as incompatible views or approaches to nature. Here Looijen argues that they should rather be seen as mutually dependent and hence co-operating research programmes. He sheds some interesting new light on the emergence thesis, its relation to the reduction thesis, and on the role and status of functional explanations in biology. He discusses several examples of reduction in both biology and ecology, showing the mutual dependence of holistic and reductionist research programmes. Ecologists are offered separate chapters, clarifying some major, yet highly and controversial ecological concepts, such as `community', `habitat', and `niche'. The book is the first in-depth study of the philosophy of ecology. Readership: Specialists in the philosophy of science, especially the philosophy of biology, biologists and ecologists interested in the philosophy of their discipline. Also of interest to other scientists concerned with the holism-reductionism issue.

Legal reductionism and freedom
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ISBN: 0792364910 1402002858 9401094535 Year: 2000 Publisher: Dordrecht Kluwer

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Abstract

Martin van Hees presents a new approach to the study of law - legal reductionism - which combines elements of legal positivism, new institutionalism and decision theory. From legal positivism Van Hees derives some fundamental insights into the nature of legal systems, but he also revises some of its key tenets. He argues that law can be reduced to facts; moreover, he re-establishes the relation between law and morality by arguing that law and positive morality are inherently related. He subsequently uses decision-theoretic tools to develop and defend his reductionist methodology. The second part of the study applies the resulting approach to an analysis of legal freedom. By showing that legal reductionism allows us to analyse the value of liberal legal systems, Van Hees makes a forceful case for including the study of law in moral and political philosophy. The book is accessible to a wide readership, including legal and moral philosophers, political theorists and social scientists.

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