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Income distribution --- Tax incidence --- Wealth tax --- Wealth
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Tax incidence --- Taxation --- Income tax --- Impôt --- Impôt --- Incidence
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In response to growing demand by policy-makers, various measures to assess tax burdens of households, individual firms and the business sector as a whole have been developed. This study reviews some of the most common measures used to gauge tax burdens of households and corporations. In addition, it provides some illustrative numbers from various sources on tax rates and tax burdens in OECD countries. The study concludes that all current measures reviewed have at least some important shortcomings. Results based on these measures should therefore be interpreted with their limitations in mind, and judged with due caution when used to address policy questions.
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Tax incidence --- Income tax --- Married people --- Inheritance and transfer tax --- Taxation --- Business & economics --- Law
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AA / International- internationaal --- 336.204 --- Tax incidence --- -Taxation --- -Income tax --- -336.2009177 --- Personal income tax --- Taxable income --- Taxation of income --- Direct taxation --- Internal revenue --- Progressive taxation --- Tithes --- Wages --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Finance, Public --- Revenue --- Incidence of taxation --- Tax burden --- Tax equity --- Taxation --- Tax shifting --- weerslag, invloed, last en verdeling van de belasting. --- Income tax --- Impôt --- Incidence --- 336.2009177 --- weerslag, invloed, last en verdeling van de belasting
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This paper presents estimates of the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition, and OECD countries, which are derived by combining figures from different estimation methods. We describe and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the different estimation methods. We find that the growth of the shadow economy—which is now remarkably large in the 76 countries—is strongly related to increasing burdens of taxation and social security contributions, as well as to the extent of state regulatory activities. Rising corruption also has a clearly positive impact on the growth of the shadow economy.
Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Taxation --- Economics: General --- Informal Economy --- Underground Econom --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Labor Economics: General --- Economics of specific sectors --- Public finance & taxation --- Monetary economics --- Labour --- income economics --- Informal economy --- Currencies --- Labor --- Tax incidence --- Marginal effective tax rate --- Informal sector --- Economics --- Tax administration and procedure --- Money --- Labor economics --- United States --- Income economics
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Taxes
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Netherlands
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336.2
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