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Development policies --- Development policies --- partnerships --- partnerships --- Sustainability --- Sustainability --- evaluation. --- evaluation --- International cooperation --- International cooperation --- socioeconomic development --- socioeconomic development --- Teaching --- Teaching --- public health --- public health --- Public debt --- Public debt --- Africa --- Africa --- Asia --- Asia --- Latin America --- Latin America --- Middle East --- Middle East

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The main purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of approaches to assessing fiscal sustainability. It summarizes the general analytical background, focusing on the present value budget constraint, which is the benchmark against which solvency is determined, tests of sustainability (including sustainability indicators), and sustainability and uncertainty. The paper then looks at the way in which fiscal sustainability has been assessed in different types of IMF work. Finally the link between fiscal and external sustainability is discussed.

Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General --- National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General --- Fiscal Policy --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Fiscal sustainability --- Fiscal policy --- Public debt --- Fiscal stance --- External debt --- Debts, Public --- Debts, External --- United States

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In the past decades, much work has been geared toward solving the problem of time inconsistency in monetary policy and analyzing the coordination problem between fiscal and monetary policy. This paper provides a review of the theoretical background to these theories, while also focusing on their inherent problems. It concludes that while the literature makes a strong case for central bank independence, more work should be done in the area of determining the desirable degree of independence with a view to the interplay between fiscal and monetary policy.

Banks and Banking --- Inflation --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Monetary Policy --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Fiscal Policy --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary economics --- Banking --- Public finance & taxation --- Inflation targeting --- Fiscal policy --- Public debt --- Prices --- Monetary policy --- Expenditure --- Banks and banking --- Debts, Public --- Expenditures, Public --- New Zealand

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Cote d'lvoire adopted an IMF-supported program in early 1994 following the devaluation of the CFA franc. Under this program, progress was made in reducing financial imbalances, controlling inflation, liberalizing the economy, and establishing a sound basis for sustainable economic growth necessary to reduce poverty. The following statistical data are also presented: selected national accounts indicators, GDP by origin, deflators of sectoral output, price structure of oil and gas products, production and exports of lumbar, export prices and costs of cocoa and coffee, and producer prices in agriculture.

Investments: Commodities --- Exports and Imports --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Agriculture: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Trade: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Investment & securities --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Agricultural commodities --- Expenditure --- Exports --- Public debt --- Tariffs --- Commodities --- International trade --- Taxes --- Farm produce --- Expenditures, Public --- Debts, Public --- Tariff --- China, People's Republic of

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In this study, the following statistical data are presented in detail: income, savings, and net financial balances, production of principal food crops, production of main cash commodities, capacity utilization in the industrial sector, petroleum product price structure, prices of major utilities, oil sector indicators, monetary survey, balance of payments, principal imports and exports, functional classification of government’s expenditure, forestry sector indicators, structure of interest rates, trade and exchange arrangements, government employment and average salaries by sector, economic classification of government expenditure, and so on.

Investments: Commodities --- Investments: Energy --- Exports and Imports --- Public Finance --- Agriculture: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Energy: General --- Trade: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Investment & securities --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Agricultural commodities --- Expenditure --- Oil --- Exports --- Public debt --- Commodities --- International trade --- Farm produce --- Expenditures, Public --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Debts, Public --- Cameroon