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Mathematical statistics --- Mathematical statistics. --- Mathematics --- Statistical inference --- Statistics, Mathematical --- Statistics --- Probabilities --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Statistical methods

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Lexicology. Semantics --- Pragmatics --- Discourse analysis. --- Rhetoric. --- Analyse du discours --- Rhétorique --- Enthymeme (Logique) --- Inference (Logique) --- Connotation (Linguistique) --- Syllogisme --- Rhétorique

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When John Maynard Keynes likened Jan Tinbergen's early work in econometrics to black magic and alchemy, he was expressing a widely held view of a new discipline. However, even after half a century of practical work and theorizing by some of the most accomplished social scientists, Keynes' comments are still repeated today. This book assesses the foundations and development of econometrics and sets out a basis for the reconstruction of the foundations of econometric inference by examining the various interpretations of probability theory which underlie econometrics. Keuzenkamp claims that the probabilistic foundations of econometrics are weak, and although econometric inferences may yield interesting knowledge, claims to be able to falsify or verify economic theories are unwarranted. Methodological falsificationism in econometrics is an illusion. Instead, it is argued, econometrics should locate itself in the tradition of positivism.

Probability theory --- Quantitative methods (economics) --- Econometrics --- Probabilities --- Econometrics. --- Probabilities. --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Probability --- Statistical inference --- Combinations --- Mathematics --- Chance --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Risk --- Economics, Mathematical --- Statistics

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Robert Brandom (1950- ), qui enseigne à l'université de Pittsburgh, est l'un des plus importants philosophes américains contemporains. Elève de Wilfrid Sellars et de Richard Rorty, il est l'auteur d'une oeuvre originale qui s'inspire à la fois de la tradition analytique de la philosophie du langage et de la logique, ainsi que de la tradition kantienne et post-kantienne de la philosophie allemande, et qui, en même temps, cherche à renouveler la philosophie pragmatiste américaine. L'originalité de Brandom tient au fait qu'il est capable de dialoguer à la fois avec l'école classique de philosophie analytique et avec le mouvement contemporain qui vise à intégrer les apports de la philosophie du langage à la tradition " continentale ", via les oeuvres de K. O. Apel ou de J. Habermas. Brandom reprend aussi certains thèmes classiques du pragmatisme, dans une tradition sans doute plus proche de celle de Dewey et de Mead que de celle de Peirce ou de James. Comme il s'est, en outre, recommandé de Hegel et propose une intéressante relecture de la grande tradition idéaliste allemande en philosophie, on mesurera toute son originalité. Quoi qu'on pense de ces tentatives d'intégration des traditions multiples de la philosophie contemporaine, Brandom a proposé ainsi une plate-forme d'une grande richesse pour la discussion, que les diverses parties ont plutôt intérêt à considérer qu'à ignorer. L'Articulation des raisons est un recueil d'essais qui constitue la meilleure introduction possible à l'oeuvre de Brandom. Il y expose sa conception inférentialiste du sens des mots et des concepts, sa théorie des normes et du raisonnement pratique, sa théorie de la connaissance, sa théorie sociale de la représentation, et sa conception normative de la rationalité. On appréciera par-dessus tout le fait que, tout en mettant ses travaux sous l'invocation de la philosophie allemande, Brandom est un philosophe essentiellement américain, au moins au sens suivant : il prend le risque d'avoir tort. Au lecteur, s'il veut relever le gant, de juger et de se faire philosophe, en articulant ses raisons, quitte à devoir en rabattre quant à ses prétentions.

Expression (Philosophy) --- Inference --- Language and languages --- -Language and logic --- Reasoning --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Intension (Philosophy) --- Logical semantics --- Semantics (Logic) --- Semeiotics --- Significs --- Syntactics --- Unified science --- Argumentation --- Ratiocination --- Ampliative induction --- Induction, Ampliative --- Inference (Logic) --- Self-expression --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Linguistics and logic --- Logic in language --- Philosophy --- Language and logic --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Logical positivism --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philosophy, Modern --- Semiotics --- Signs and symbols --- Symbolism --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Definition (Philosophy) --- Reason --- Thought and thinking --- Judgment (Logic) --- Logic --- Semantics --- Lexicology. Semantics --- Philosophy of language --- Language and logic. --- Expression (Philosophy). --- Inference. --- Reasoning. --- Semantics (Philosophy). --- Langage et langues --- Sémantique (Philosophie) --- Inférence (Logique) --- Raisonnement --- Langage et logique --- Expression (Philosophie) --- Philosophy. --- Philosophie --- Inférence --- Philosophie du langage --- Signification (philosophie)

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This paper analyzes the stochastic inventory control problem when the demand distribution is not known. In contrast to previous Bayesian inventory models, this paper adopts a non-parametric Bayesian approach in which the firm’s prior information is characterized by a Dirichlet process prior. This provides considerable freedom in the specification of prior information about demand and it permits the accommodation of fixed order costs. As information on the demand distribution accumulates, optimal history-dependent (s,S) rules are shown to converge to an (s,S) rule that is optimal when the underlying demand distribution is known.

Econometrics --- Investments: Stocks --- Bayesian Analysis: General --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Bayesian inference --- Investment & securities --- Bayesian models --- Stocks --- Econometric models