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Communicable diseases --- Communicable Diseases. --- Public Health - General

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Medical policy --- Medical ethics --- Terminal care --- Terminal care --- Ethics, Medical. --- Bioethical Issues. --- Terminal Care. --- Medical ethics. --- Medical policy. --- Terminal care. --- Terminal care --- Public Health - General --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Public Health - General

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Medical policy --- Medical ethics --- Terminal care --- Terminal care --- Ethics, Medical. --- Bioethical Issues. --- Terminal Care. --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Public Health - General

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In Italy, health care budget ceilings are not effective. The poor control by the central government results in excessive use of expensive inputs, in long waiting lines for medical procedures, and in the emergence of large arrears to suppliers and commercial banks. To fully gain the benefits of its decentralized structure, Italy needs to clarify the rules of the game and strengthen controls on local health authorities. Full fiscal responsibility should be extended to local governments on both the expenditure and revenue sides. The central government should be involved neither in decisions on the services that local governments should supply, nor in their planning and management.

Exports and Imports --- Public Finance --- Health Policy --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- Analysis of Health Care Markets --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Health: General --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Public finance & taxation --- Health systems & services --- Health economics --- International economics --- Health care spending --- Health care --- Expenditure --- Health --- Arrears --- External debt --- Expenditures, Public --- Medical care --- Debts, External --- Italy

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The note views the problem of poverty in The Gambia. The largest group of cash crop producers have the highest poverty rate in the country. The design of public policies in the area of education and health has a large impact on the living standards of the poor. Therefore, these social policies have to be supported by policies that enhance the poor households' access and use of formal financial services. The note discusses the Gambian government's attempts to address the growing incidence of poverty.

Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Education: General --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Health: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Education --- Health economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Poverty & precarity --- Income --- Health --- Expenditure --- Poverty --- National accounts --- Expenditures, Public --- Gambia, The