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This paper discusses the definition and identification of external treatment effects and experimental designs capable of detecting these effects. External effects occur when the outcome of a given individual is affected by the treatment assignments of other individuals. The paper argues that two-stage randomization schemes, which randomize allocation of treatments across communities and randomizes the treatments themselves within communities, are useful for identifying private and external treatment effects. The importance of external treatment effects are illustrated in the context of several health economics applications: the impact of R&D subsidies, smoking prevention programs for youth, and the evaluation of HIV-prevention programs currently taking place in Africa.

Medical economics. --- Economics, Medical.

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The European Journal of Health Economics is a highly scientific and at the same time practical oriented journal considering the requirements of various health care systems in Europe. The international scientific board of opinion leaders guarantee high-quality, peer reviewed publications as well as articles for pragmatic approaches in the field of Health Economics.

Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Economics --- Economics, Medical --- Delivery of Health Care --- Drug Industry --- Medical economics --- Medical care, Cost of --- Economie de la santé --- Soins médicaux --- economics --- Periodicals --- Périodiques --- Coût --- Economics, Medical. --- Économie de la santé --- Medical economics. --- economics. --- Europe. --- Business, Economy and Management --- Health Sciences --- General and Others --- Medical Education, Training & Research --- Public health --- Gesundheitsökonomie --- Medical Economics --- Medicine --- Gesundheitsökonomik --- Gesundheitswesen --- Medizinökonomie --- Medizinökonomik --- Medizinische Ökonomie --- Medizinische Ökonomik --- Health Economics --- Health --- Health economics --- Hygiene --- Medical care --- Wirtschaftstheorie --- Economic aspects --- Northern Europe --- Southern Europe --- Western Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia

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Countries around the world are engaged in health reform, which places great demands on health care providers and systems managers. From the managed care revolution in the United States to the rebuilding of health systems in postcommunist Russia, these reforms impact millions of health care workers, government officials, patients, and the public alike.The New Public Health will help students and practitioners understand factors affecting the reform process of health care organization and delivery. It links the classic public health issues such as environmental sanitation, health

Delivery of Health Care. --- Economics, Medical. --- Health Policy. --- History. --- Medical policy. --- Public health. --- World health. --- Public health --- Health Policy --- Public Health --- Delivery of Health Care --- Economics, Medical --- Public Policy --- Health --- Economics --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Patient Care Management --- Medicine --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Health Services Administration --- Population Characteristics --- Social Control Policies --- Health Care --- Health Occupations --- Social Control, Formal --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Policy --- Social Sciences --- Sociology --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Public Health - General --- Health & Biological Sciences --- National health services. --- Medicine, State --- National health care --- Nationalized health services --- Socialized medicine --- State medical care --- State medicine --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Sanitary affairs --- Social hygiene --- Medical care --- Medical policy --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Global Health. --- Santé publique --- history. --- ELSEVIER-B EPUB-LIV-FT

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Health care is one of the largest sectors in OECD countries, and accounts now for over 8% of GDP on average. This manual of the System of Health Accounts (Version 1.0) provides a set of comprehensive, consistent and flexible accounts to meet the needs of government and private-sector analysts and policy-makers. These accounts constitute a common framework for enhancing the comparability of data over time and across countries, and suggest basic links with non-monetary indicators. The manual establishes a conceptual basis of statistical reporting rules compatible with other economic and social statistics and proposes a newly developed International Classification for Health Accounts (ICHA) which covers three dimensions: health care by functions of care; providers of health care services; and sources of funding. Once this new accounting standard has been implemented in a large number of OECD countries, it will allow for more consistent and reliable comparisons of health care expenditure across countries.  

Medical care, Cost of --- Medical economics --- #SBIB:316.334.3M50 --- 311.6 --- 336.024 --- 339.0 --- 339.325.5 --- 351.2 --- 368.42 --- 61 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Economics, Medical --- Health --- Health economics --- Hygiene --- Medical care --- Medicine --- Cost of medical care --- Health care costs --- Health care expenditures --- Medical costs --- Medical expenses --- Medical service, Cost of --- Medical savings accounts --- Organisatie van de gezondheidszorg: algemeen, beleid --- Gezondheidstoestand van de bevolking --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid --- Algemeenheden. Nationale rekeningen --- Gezondheidszorg --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling --- Ziekte- en invaliditeitsverzekering. Ziekenfondsen --- Geneeskunde --- Economic aspects --- Costs --- Medical care, Cost of. --- Medical economics.