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Apidae --- Vespidae --- Formicidae --- Bombus --- Identification --- identification --- Comportement social --- social behaviour --- Biotope --- biotopes --- Europe --- identification.

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Psittaciformes --- Psittaciformes --- Animal introduction --- Animal introduction --- Adaptation --- Adaptation --- Biological competition --- Biological competition --- habitats. --- habitats --- Feeding habits --- Feeding habits --- social behaviour --- social behaviour --- Environmental monitoring --- Environmental monitoring --- Bruxelles --- Psittacula eupatria --- Bruxelles --- Psittacula eupatria

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Animal societies --- Social behavior in animals --- Sociétés animales --- Comportement social chez les animaux --- Apidae --- Formicidae --- Vertèbre --- vertebrates --- Comportement social --- social behaviour --- Sociétés animales

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The so-called domestic cat occupies a unique position within the truly domestic animals since it freely interbreeds with feral populations, and there is considerable gene flow in both directions. This is possible because the likelihood of an individual cat forming a relationship with people is strongly affected by its experiences during the socialisation period (3-8 weeks of age), although this does not preclude differences between owned and feral populations in the relative frequencies of alleles which affect social behaviour towards humans. We suggest a hitherto unconsidered reason why a separate domesticated population of cats (apart from pedigree breeds) has not yet emerged: the unusual and stringent nutrient requirements of the cat may historically have militated against successful breeding on a completely human-provided diet, and led to the retention of the ability to achieve a nutritionally complete diet by scavenging and/or hunting. More recently, the widespread availability of nutritionally complete manufactured foods and veterinary care in western countries appears to be leading towards a rapid change in the population dynamics and population genetics of both owned and feral cats. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Ability. --- Age. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Behaviour. --- Boxes. --- Breed. --- Breeding. --- Care. --- Carnivore. --- Cat. --- Cats. --- Diet. --- Direction. --- Dog. --- Domestic animal. --- Domestic cat. --- Domestic-animals. --- Domestication. --- Experience. --- Feral populations. --- Feral. --- Food selection. --- Food. --- Frequency. --- Gene. --- Genetic. --- Genetics. --- Human. --- Humans. --- Hunting. --- People. --- Pet. --- Population dynamics. --- Population. --- Populations. --- Position. --- Retention. --- Social behaviour. --- Social. --- Socialisation. --- Time. --- Veterinary. --- Waltham.