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Learning by Doing in Markets, Firms, and Countries draws out the underlying economics in business history by focusing on learning processes and the development of competitively valuable asymmetries. The essays show that organizations, like people, learn that this process can be organized more or less effectively, which can have major implications for how competition works. The first three essays in this volume explore techniques firms have used to both manage information to create valuable asymmetries and to otherwise suppress unwelcome competition. The next three focus on the ways in which firms have built special capabilities over time, capabilities that have been both sources of competitive advantage and resistance to new opportunities. The last two extend the notion of learning from the level of firms to that of nations. The collection as a whole builds on the previous two volumes to make the connection between information structure and product market outcomes in business history.

Business enterprises --- Business intelligence --- Business --- Organizational learning --- History --- Case studies --- Congresses. --- Business espionage --- Competitive intelligence --- Corporate intelligence --- Economic espionage --- Espionage, Business --- Espionage, Economic --- Espionage, Industrial --- Industrial espionage --- Intelligence, Business --- Intelligence, Corporate --- Learning organizations --- Trade --- Business organizations --- Businesses --- Companies --- Enterprises --- Firms --- Organizations, Business --- Learning --- Communities of practice --- Knowledge management --- Economics --- Management --- Commerce --- Industrial management --- Business ethics --- Competition, Unfair --- Confidential business information --- History&delete& --- Case studies&delete& --- Congresses --- Business history --- E-books --- experience, learning, education, skills, labor, workforce, economics, business, competition, advantage, product market outcomes, information structure, organizations, corporations, management, administration, corporate culture, nonfiction, trade, technology, innovation, opportunity, sears roebuck, networks, assets, ford, flying fortress, sugar institute, railroads, inventors, firms, patents, engineering, redwoods.