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Natural Environmental Change offers a concise introduction to this key topic in the study of the environment, geography, and earth science. Illustrated throughout, each chapter provides a broad spectrum of international case studies and further reading guides. Introductory chapters examine the theories of environmental change and provide a summary of Earth history. The records of environmnetal change are then explained, as revealed by data from various archives such as ocean sediment, ice core, terrestrial deposits such as glacial moraines and lake sediments, tree rings, and historica

Global environmental change. --- Climatic changes. --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Environmental change, Global --- Global change, Environmental --- Global environmental changes --- Environmental aspects --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Change --- Ecology --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Global environmental change --- 551.58 --- 551.58 Climatology

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"This book applies advanced new economics methodologies to assess possible impacts of climate change on the US economy: agriculture, timber, coastal resources, energy expenditure, fishing, and outdoor recreation. It improves our understanding of key issues raised in the influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports, and will serve as an important reference for the scientific, economic, and policy-making communities."--Jacket.

Climatic changes --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Economic aspects --- Environmental aspects --- United States --- Economic policy --- Global environmental change --- Environmental Sciences --- Atmospheric Science

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Climate change is an increasing concern across the world. In 1997, a number of countries, including most OECD countries, agreed the Kyoto Protocol, which sets targets for future emissions of greenhouse gases that drive climate change. But the Kyoto Protocol left many decisions to be made, and while these are being discussed the clock ticks and the date for meeting the targets draws closer. Uncertainties are even larger as to policy requirements over the longer term. The Kyoto targets in themselves will do little to avert climate change but are best seen as a first step towards ambitious worldwide action. This puts the focus on how to achieve worldwide consensus for taking action and the economic impacts such action may have. Whatever action is taken, and on the basis of available scientific evidence, some climate change may take place in any case, raising questions about its impacts and how best to adjust. What are the main outstanding issues concerning the Kyoto Protocol? What will it cost to implement the Protocol? How can it be done so as to minimise costs? How could economic burdens be shared among countries so as to achieve broad consensus for global action? What will be the impact of such climate change as may happen and how should policy be set so as to smooth adjustment? This publication presents analysis which bears on the above questions as well as others in the climate change debate. It does not purport to have the final answers, but is aimed to inform a major debate.

Climatic changes --- 540 Luchtverontreiniging --- Broeikaseffect --- environnement --- politique de l'environnement --- pollution --- traites internationaux --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- leefmilieu --- milieubeleid --- vervuiling --- internationale verdragen --- Environmental aspects --- Climatic changes. --- Climat --- Changements --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Environment --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Meteorology & Climatology --- Global environmental change

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SCIENCE --- Environmental Science (see also Chemistry / Environmental) --- Global environmental change --- Human ecology --- Nature --- Climatic changes --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Environmental Sciences --- Meteorology & Climatology --- Social aspects. --- Effect of human beings on --- Social aspects --- Effect of human beings on. --- Anthropogenic effects on nature --- Ecological footprint --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Environmental aspects --- Human beings --- Anthropogenic soils --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science

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Nearly two years after Kyoto, most OECD countries are looking towards ratification and implementation of their obligations under the Kyoto Protocol. What do historical emissions and policy trends tell us about the way forward? Which policies will be needed to combat climate change? This book provides an overview of recent developments in OECD countries and a framework for policy making in the context of Kyoto targets. There is no single formula for domestic policies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Every country will need to assess opportunities and constraints to develop a strategy adapted to their own situation. Yet, it is possible to outline some main lines for action in OECD countries at the national level. National strategies should prioritise market, subsidy and fiscal reform policies to establish conditions for competitive markets and remove distortions that harm the environment. And governments should implement a comprehensive mix of mutually reinforcing and integrated policies, using a wide range of economic instruments (green taxes, green tax reform and domestic emission trading) as well as other measures such as product policies, voluntary approaches and public awareness programmes. Unless OECD countries establish more effective frameworks for action now, achieving the Kyoto targets is likely to be costly and difficult.

Climatic changes --- -Greenhouse gases --- -540 Luchtverontreiniging --- Broeikaseffect --- Milieubeleid 504.7:338 --- Klimaat 504.38 --- #ABIB:dd.Prof.B.Muys --- GHGs (Greenhouse gases) --- Heat-trapping gases --- Gases --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Government policy --- -Economic aspects --- -Environmental aspects --- -Government policy --- Greenhouse gases --- Gaz à effet de serre --- Climat --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects --- Politique gouvernementale --- Aspect de l'environnement --- Aspect économique --- Changements --- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change --- 540 Luchtverontreiniging --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Environment --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Environmental Engineering --- Global environmental change