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No matter what your perspective is, what your goals are, or how experienced you are, Artificial Life research is always a learning experience. The variety of phe­ nomena that the people who gathered in Lausanne reported and discussed for the fifth time since 1991 at the European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL) has not been programmed, crafted, or assembled by analytic design. It has evolved, emerged, or appeared spontaneously from a process of artificial evolution, se- organisation, or development. Artificial Life is a field where biological and artificial sciences meet and blend together, where the dynamics of biological life are reproduced in the memory of computers, where machines evolve, behave, and communicate like living organ­ isms, where complex life-like entities are synthesised from electronic chromo­ somes and artificial chemistries. The impact of Artificial Life in science, phi­ losophy, and technology is tremendous. Over the years the synthetic approach has established itself as a powerful method for investigating several complex phenomena of life. From a philosophical standpoint, the notion of life and of in­ telligence is continuously reformulated in relation to the dynamics of the system under observation and to the embedding environment, no longer a privilege of carbon-based entities with brains and eyes. At the same time, the possibility of engineering machines and software with life-like properties such as evolvability, self-repair, and self-maintainance is gradually becoming reality, bringing new perspectives in engineering and applications.

Biological systems --- Robotics --- Artificial intelligence --- Computer simulation --- Simulation methods --- Computer science. --- Computers. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Bioinformatics. --- Computational biology. --- Robotics. --- Automation. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Robotics and Automation. --- Computer Appl. in Life Sciences. --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Biology --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Data processing. --- Bioinformatics . --- Computational biology . --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Bioinformatics --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Automatic factories --- Automatic production --- Computer control --- Engineering cybernetics --- Factories --- Industrial engineering --- Mechanization --- Assembly-line methods --- Automatic control --- Automatic machinery --- CAD/CAM systems --- Automation --- Data processing --- Biological systems - Computer simulation - Congresses --- Biological systems - Simulation methods - Congresses --- Robotics - Congresses --- Artificial intelligence - Congresses

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In 1978, when the book Living Systems was published, it contained the prediction that the sciences that were concerned with the biological and social sciences would, in the future, be stated as rigorously as the “hard sciences” that study such nonliving phenomena as temperature, distance, and the interaction of chemical elements. Principles of Quantitative Living Systems Science, the first of a planned series of three books, begins an attempt to fulfill that prediction. The view that living things are similar to other parts of the physical world, differing only in their complexity, was explicitly stated in the early years of the twentieth century by the biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy. His ideas could not be published until the end of the war in Europe in the 1940's. Von Bertalanffy was strongly opposed to vitalism, the theory current among biologists at the time that life could only be explained by recourse to a “vital principle” or God. He considered living things to be a part of the natural order, “systems” like atoms and molecules and planetary systems. Systems were described as being made up of a number of interrelated and interdependent parts, but because of the interrelations, the total system became more than the sum of those parts. These ideas led to the development of systems movements, in both Europe and the United States, that included not only biologists but scientists in other fields as well. Systems societies were formed on both continents.

Biological systems. --- System theory. --- Animal behavior. --- Systems theory. --- Systems Theory, Control. --- Mathematical and Computational Biology. --- Biomathematics. --- Biology --- Mathematics --- Systems, Theory of --- Systems science --- Science --- Philosophy --- Animals --- Animals, Habits and behavior of --- Behavior, Animal --- Ethology --- Animal psychology --- Zoology --- Ethologists --- Psychology, Comparative --- Biosystems --- Systems, Biological --- System theory --- Systems biology --- Behavior

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The book provides an undergraduate (final year) introduction to bioinformatics focussing on two key areas, genomics and protein sequence analysis. It provides an overview of primary, composite and secondary databases, and gives a brief introduction to the Internet and the world wide web.

Molecular biology --- Computer. Automation --- Bioinformatics --- Bio-informatique --- Biologie moléculaire --- Data processing --- Informatique --- Gene mapping --- Data processing. --- Biologie moléculaire --- Basic Sciences. Bioinformatics -- Bioinformatics (General) --- ALLW. --- 57.087 --- 57.087 Methods and techniques for parameter estimation. Recording of biological data --- Methods and techniques for parameter estimation. Recording of biological data --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Molecular biology - Data processing. --- Gene mapping - Data processing. --- Basic Sciences. Bioinformatics -- Bioinformatics (General). --- Computational Biology

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Computer vision --- Pattern recognition systems --- Neural networks (Computer science) --- Evolutionary computation --- Simulated annealing (Mathematics) --- Applied Physics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Algorithm, Annealing --- Algorithm, Probabilistic exchange --- Annealing, Monte Carlo --- Annealing, Simulated --- Annealing algorithm --- Cooling, Statistical --- Exchange algorithm, Probabilistic --- Hill climbing, Probabilistic --- Monte Carlo annealing --- Probabilistic exchange algorithm --- Probabilistic hill climbing --- Relaxation, Stochastic --- Statistical cooling --- Stochastic relaxation --- Computer science. --- Computer logic. --- Image processing. --- Pattern recognition. --- Biomathematics. --- Statistical physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Computer Science. --- Pattern Recognition. --- Image Processing and Computer Vision. --- Logics and Meanings of Programs. --- Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity. --- Mathematical and Computational Biology. --- Combinatorial optimization --- Optical pattern recognition. --- Computer vision. --- Logic design. --- Complex Systems. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Physics --- Mathematical statistics --- Design, Logic --- Design of logic systems --- Digital electronics --- Electronic circuit design --- Logic circuits --- Machine theory --- Switching theory --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing --- Optical data processing --- Pattern perception --- Perceptrons --- Visual discrimination --- Statistical methods --- Optical data processing. --- Computer science logic --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Bionics --- Electronic data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Design perception --- Pattern recognition --- Form perception --- Perception --- Figure-ground perception --- Biology --- Mathematics --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Statics --- Optical equipment