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agroforestry --- Sustainable development --- socioeconomic environment --- agrosilvopastoral systems --- Forestry production --- land use --- ecological succession --- Agroforestry. --- Environmental Sciences and Forestry. Forestry

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agroforestry --- Forest management --- agrosilvopastoral systems --- forest ecology --- socioeconomic environment --- Latin America

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Agroforestry --- Agroforesterie --- agroforestry --- Système agropastoral --- Agropastoral systems --- Impact sur l'environnement --- Environmental impact --- Culture en mélange --- Mixed cropping --- Coffea --- Sesbania --- Eucalyptus --- Piper nigrum --- Pennisetum glaucum --- Leucaena leucocephala --- Panicum maximum --- Acacia --- Utilisation des terres --- land use --- Légumineuse fourragère --- Feed legumes --- Légumineuse légumière --- Vegetable legumes --- Ressource alimentaire --- Food resources --- Ressource en eau --- Water resources --- Ressource en sol --- Soil resources --- Affectation de ressources --- Resource allocation --- Pâturage --- Grazing --- Pastoralisme --- Pastoralism --- Grevillea robusta --- Gliricidia sepium --- Balanites aegyptiaca --- Faidherbia albida --- Sri Lanka --- Sudan --- Libya --- Agroforestry - Tropics. --- Kigelia --- Pinus carribea

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Shady Practices is a revealing analysis of the gendered political ecology brought about by conflicting local interests and changing developmental initiatives in a West African village. Between 1975 and 1985, while much of Africa suffered devastating drought conditions, Gambian women farmers succeeded in establishing hundreds of lucrative communal market gardens. In less than a decade, the women's incomes began outstripping their husbands' in many areas, until a shift in development policy away from gender equity and toward environmental concerns threatened to do away with the social and economic gains of the garden boom. Male landholders joined forestry personnel in attempts to displace the gardens and capture women's labor for the irrigation of male-controlled tree crops.This carefully documented microhistory draws on field experience spanning more than two decades and the insights of disciplines ranging from critical human geography to development studies. Schroeder combines the "success story" of the market gardens with a cautionary tale about the aggressive pursuit of natural resource management objectives, however well intentioned. He shows that questions of power and social justice at the community level need to enter the debates of policymakers and specialists in environment and development planning.

Gambia. --- Mandingo (African people)-- Agriculture. --- Patriarchy. --- Mandingo (African people) --- Women, Mandingo --- Agriculture. --- Economic conditions. --- Mandingo women --- Women, Mandingo (African people) --- Malinke (African people) --- Mandé (African people) --- Manding (African people) --- Mandingue (African people) --- Mandinka (African people) --- Mandino (African people) --- Maninka (African people) --- Maninkaalu (African people) --- Soce (African people) --- Sosse (African people) --- Ethnology --- Agroforestry --- Division of labor --- Forest ecology --- Patriarchy --- Sex role --- Gender role --- Sex (Psychology) --- Sex differences (Psychology) --- Social role --- Gender expression --- Sexism --- Androcracy --- Patriarchal families --- Fathers --- Families --- Male domination (Social structure) --- Patrilineal kinship --- Forests and forestry --- Ecology --- Labor, Division of --- Labor --- Economic specialization --- Agro-forestry --- Agriculture --- Tree crops --- Social conditions --- Political aspects --- Economic conditions --- Alkalikunda (Gambia) --- Social life and customs. --- Forest ecosystems --- Gender roles --- Gendered role --- Gendered roles --- Role, Gender --- Role, Gendered --- Role, Sex --- Roles, Gender --- Roles, Gendered --- Roles, Sex --- Sex roles --- 1970s. --- 1980s. --- academic. --- community. --- crops. --- cultural studies. --- drought. --- economics. --- economy. --- environmental. --- environmentalist. --- farmers. --- farming. --- female farmers. --- forestry. --- gambia. --- gardening. --- gender politics. --- gender roles. --- gender studies. --- geography. --- human development. --- irrigation. --- landowners. --- microhistory. --- natural disaster. --- political. --- politics. --- scholarly. --- small town. --- social justice. --- village. --- west africa. --- womens labor. --- working women. --- world history.