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The acceptance of human rights and minority rights, the increasing role of international financial institutions, and globalization have led many observers to question the continued viability of the sovereign state. Here a leading expert challenges this conclusion. Stephen Krasner contends that states have never been as sovereign as some have supposed. Throughout history, rulers have been motivated by a desire to stay in power, not by some abstract adherence to international principles. Organized hypocrisy--the presence of longstanding norms that are frequently violated--has been an enduring attribute of international relations. Political leaders have usually but not always honored international legal sovereignty, the principle that international recognition should be accorded only to juridically independent sovereign states, while treating Westphalian sovereignty, the principle that states have the right to exclude external authority from their own territory, in a much more provisional way. In some instances violations of the principles of sovereignty have been coercive, as in the imposition of minority rights on newly created states after the First World War or the successor states of Yugoslavia after 1990; at other times cooperative, as in the European Human Rights regime or conditionality agreements with the International Monetary Fund. The author looks at various issues areas to make his argument: minority rights, human rights, sovereign lending, and state creation in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Differences in national power and interests, he concludes, not international norms, continue to be the most powerful explanation for the behavior of states.

Sovereignty. --- #SBIB:327.1H10 --- #SBIB:324H20 --- 814 Theorie van de internationale betrekkingen --- Sovereignty --- State sovereignty (International relations) --- International law --- Political science --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- International relations --- Self-determination, National --- Internationale betrekkingen: theorieën --- Politologie: theorieën (democratie, comparatieve studieën….) --- Law and legislation --- Souveraineté --- Treaties, International

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The state, which since the middle of the seventeenth century has been the most important and most characteristic of all modern institutions, is in decline. From Western Europe to Africa, many existing states are either combining into larger communities or falling apart. Many of their functions are being taken over by a variety of organizations which, whatever their precise nature, are not states. In this unique volume Martin van Creveld traces the story of the state from its beginnings to the present. Starting with the simplest political organizations that ever existed, he guides the reader through the origins of the state, its development, its apotheosis during the two World Wars, and its spread from its original home in Western Europe to cover the globe. In doing so, he provides a fascinating history of government from its origins to the present day.

State, The. --- World politics. --- Colonialism --- Global politics --- International politics --- Political history --- Political science --- World history --- Eastern question --- Geopolitics --- International organization --- International relations --- Administration --- Commonwealth, The --- Sovereignty --- State, The --- World politics --- 814 Theorie van de internationale betrekkingen --- 841 Politiek bestel --- Etat --- Politique mondiale --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- Relations internationales --- Histoire

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Drawing upon philosophy and social theory, Social Theory of International Politics develops a theory of the international system as a social construction. Alexander Wendt clarifies the central claims of the constructivist approach, presenting a structural and idealist worldview which contrasts with the individualism and materialism which underpins much mainstream international relations theory. He builds a cultural theory of international politics, which takes whether states view each other as enemies, rivals or friends as a fundamental determinant. Wendt characterises these roles as 'cultures of anarchy', described as Hobbesian, Lockean and Kantian respectively. These cultures are shared ideas which help shape state interests and capabilities, and generate tendencies in the international system. The book describes four factors which can drive structural change from one culture to another - interdependence, common fate, homogenization, and self-restraint - and examines the effects of capitalism and democracy in the emergence of a Kantian culture in the West.

International relations --- Sociological aspects --- Philosophy --- Philosophy. --- Sociological aspects. --- International relations. Foreign policy --- Sociological theories --- #SBIB:001.AANKOOP --- #SBIB:327.1H10 --- 814 Theorie van de internationale betrekkingen --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Internationale betrekkingen: theorieën --- Relations internationales --- Social aspects --- Aspect social --- Philosophie --- Sociologische theorieën --- Internationale politiek. Buitenlandse politiek --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- International relations - Sociological aspects --- International relations - Philosophy

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War has traditionally been studied as a problem deriving from the relations between states. Strategic doctrines, arms control agreements, and the foundation of international organizations such as the United Nations are designed to prevent wars between states. Since 1945, however, the incidence of interstate war has actually been declining rapidly, while the incidence of internal wars has been increasing. The author argues that in order to understand this significant change in historical patterns, we should jettison many of the analytical devices derived from international relations studies and shift attention to the problems of 'weak' states, those states unable to sustain domestic legitimacy and peace. This book surveys some of the foundations of state legitimacy and demonstrates why many weak states will be the locales of war in the future. Finally, the author asks what the United Nations can do about the problems of weak and failed states.

War --- Legitimacy of governments --- Political stability --- Civil war --- Military history, Modern --- Civil war. --- Legitimacy of governments. --- Military history, Modern. --- Political stability. --- War. --- Guerre --- Légitimité des gouvernements --- Stabilité politique --- Guerre civile --- Histoire militaire moderne et contemporaine --- Military history [Modern ] --- #SBIB:012.AANKOOP --- #SBIB:327.5H21 --- Armed conflict (War) --- Conflict, Armed (War) --- Fighting --- Hostilities --- Wars --- Destabilization (Political science) --- Political instability --- Stability, Political --- Modern military history --- Governments, Legitimacy of --- Legitimacy (Constitutional law) --- Civil wars --- Intra-state war --- Rebellions --- Vrede – oorlog, oorlogssituaties --- #A0102PO --- International relations --- Military art and science --- Peace --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Revolutions --- Sovereignty --- State, The --- General will --- Regime change --- Government, Resistance to --- International law --- 240 Internationale politiek --- 814 Theorie van de internationale betrekkingen --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- International groups --- Polemology