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The questionnaire-based Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) asks people what would they be willing to pay for an environmental good or attribute, or willing to accept for its loss. These papers consider the real value of such surveys.

Environmental economics. --- Contingent valuation. --- Public goods.

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Economics --- Democracy. --- Finance, Public. --- Fiscal policy. --- Public goods. --- Social choice. --- Public goods --- Social choice --- Finance, Public --- Fiscal policy --- Democracy --- 336 --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Currency question --- Choice, Social --- Collective choice --- Public choice --- Choice (Psychology) --- Social psychology --- Welfare economics --- Goods, Public --- Government policy --- Free rider problem (Economics) --- Public finances

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BMLIK

International economic relations --- anno 2000-2099 --- Public goods. --- International cooperation. --- Biens collectifs --- Coopération internationale --- Public goods --- International Cooperation --- #SBIB:014.IO --- #SBIB:327.1H10 --- #SBIB:33H071 --- #ECO:01.01:economie algemeen --- International cooperation --- 363 --- Cooperation, International --- Global governance --- Institutions, International --- Interdependence of nations --- International institutions --- World order --- Cooperation --- International relations --- International organization --- Goods, Public --- Finance, Public --- Welfare economics --- Internationale betrekkingen: theorieën --- Economische internationale betrekkingen --- Free rider problem (Economics) --- economische politiek --- internationale politiek --- milieubeleid --- internationale samenwerking --- International relations. Foreign policy --- gezondheidszorg --- globalisering --- Coopération internationale

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December 1999 : Yes - and more efficiently by women than by men, according to this analysis of household survey data for Bangladesh. An illiterate adult earns significantly more in the nonfarm economy when living in a household with at least one literate member. According to theory, a member of a collective-action household may or may not share knowledge with others in that household. Shared income gains from shared knowledge may well be offset by a shift in the balance of power within the family. But do literate members of the household share the benefits of literacy with other members of the household in practice? Using household survey data for Bangladesh, Basu, Narayan, and Ravallion find that education has strong external effects on individual earnings. When a range of personal attributes is held constant, an illiterate adult earns significantly more in the nonfarm economy when living in a household with at least one literate member. That is, a literate person is likely to share some of the benefits of his or her literacy with other members of the household. It is better to be an illiterate in a household where someone is literate than in a household of illiterates only. It is widely noted that a literate mother confers greater benefits on her children than a literate father does. But what about differences between male and female recipients of knowledge? The empirical results suggest that women are more efficient recipients, too. This paper - a joint product of the Office of the Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, Development Economics, and Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to understand the relationship between literacy and balance of power in the household. This paper was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Intrahousehold Decisionmaking, Literacy, and Child Labor (RPO 683-07). The authors may be contacted at kb40@cornell.edu, anarayan@worldbank.org, or mravallion@worldbank.org.

Access and Equity in Basic Education --- Bank --- Brochure --- Budget --- Conflict of Interest --- Earnings --- Education --- Education for All --- Family Member --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- Gender --- Gender and Law --- Household Expenditure --- Income --- Incomes --- Information --- Interest --- Interests --- Knowledge --- Law and Development --- Literacy --- Pamphlets --- Primary Education --- Public Goods --- Unemployment --- Wage --- Welfare

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This paper focuses on tax policy and the crisis in Asia in the context of globalization and technological change. Two sets of conclusions, specific tax reform measures and general lessons from the crisis, form the tax policy agenda on these issues. The complexity and volume of financial transactions, associated with the opening of emerging markets, have made tax administration a more challenging task. Just as strengthening financial systems must be a precursor to capital account liberalization, tax administrations clearly also require strengthening in such an environment. In many emerging markets the capacity to tax capital returns is limited. Tax administrators need to understand and monitor complex financial transactions that grew rapidly due both to financial sector liberalization and technological innovation. Traditional difficulties for tax administrators, such as transfer pricing, that had often been limited to natural resource sectors in developing economies, took on wider importance as local companies gained sophistication and developed offshore operations.

Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- Corporate Taxation --- Fiscal Policy --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- International Fiscal Issues --- International Public Goods --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies --- Public finance & taxation --- Corporate & business tax --- Tax incentives --- Corporate income tax --- Personal income --- Income and capital gains taxes --- Tax administration core functions --- Taxes --- National accounts --- Revenue administration --- Corporations --- Income --- Income tax --- Tax administration and procedure --- Philippines