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Les routes créent-elles de la mobilité ? Une telle question est a priori surprenante. Pourtant, le fait que la présence de nouvelles routes -- ou infrastructures -- puisse inciter les usagers à les emprunter et, partant, à être plus mobiles, n'a rien de surprenant. Si la question continue de faire l'objet de débats animés, aucun expert ne doute plus de l'existence d'un phénomène de mobilité induite. En revanche, il s'avère difficile de mesurer ce phénomène, faute de données et d'expériences adéquates. Cette Table Ronde rassemble précisément les informations disponibles à ce jour sur la mobilité induite par de nouvelles infrastructures. A partir de rapports introductifs et des débats de la Table Ronde, on peut mesurer les progrès accomplis en quelques années. En effet, il y a dix ans à peine, le phénomène de la mobilité induite aurait été nié par beaucoup de spécialistes. Aujourd'hui, un consensus émerge, cette Table Ronde permet de le découvrir.

Infrastructure (Economics) --- Transportation, Automotive --- Roads --- Infrastructures de transport --- Transports routiers --- Routes --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Transport. Traffic --- Infrastructures --- Mobilite induite

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The preponderance of evidence from the empirical literature on aid effectiveness suggests that development aid has not had a significant impact on growth in recipient countries. However, there is some evidence that aid has had positive effects when the policy environment has been conducive to growth. Regarding the relationship between aid and the main channels through which its impact on growth could flow—investment and domestic saving—the evidence is mixed, with some indication that aid has had a positive impact where adjustment efforts have been sustained.

Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Foreign Aid --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Foreign aid --- Domestic savings --- Expenditure --- Aid flows --- Public investment spending --- National accounts --- International relief --- Saving and investment --- Expenditures, Public --- Economic assistance --- Public investments --- Sri Lanka

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Harbors --- Marine terminals --- Ports --- Terminaux maritimes --- Infrastructures de transport --- -Infrastructure (Economics) --- -Marine terminals --- -Transportation --- -Public transportation --- Ocean terminals --- Port terminals --- Ship terminals --- Terminals (Transportation) --- Harbours --- Seaports --- Channels (Hydraulic engineering) --- Hydraulic structures --- -Harbors --- Infrastructure (Economics) --- Transportation --- Public transportation --- Transport --- Transportation, Primitive --- Transportation companies --- Transportation industry --- Locomotion --- Commerce --- Communication and traffic --- Storage and moving trade --- Capital, Social (Economics) --- Economic infrastructure --- Social capital (Economics) --- Social infrastructure --- Social overhead capital --- Economic development --- Human settlements --- Public goods --- Public works --- Capital --- Economic aspects --- Sea transport. Seaports --- Anchorages (Harbors)

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In a case study of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda, this paper finds that bilateral real exchange rates revert to a long-term equilibrium in line with purchasing power parities, implying that these countries constitute an integrated trading zone, their markets are interdependent and arbitrage works efficiently, and intraregional competitiveness is preserved. These findings are partly explained by the flexibility of nominal exchange rates and prices and the absence of long-term productivity differences among these countries. To strengthen market integration, foster private sector development, and enhance growth prospects, the paper emphasizes the importance of increased trade, competitive labor markets, flexible exchange rates, and convergence of macroeconomic and structural policies.

Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Economic Integration --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Public finance & taxation --- Monetary economics --- Purchasing power parity --- Exchange rates --- Real exchange rates --- Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP) --- Currencies --- Expenditure --- Money --- Public-private sector cooperation --- Uganda

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In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.

Banks and Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Civil service & public sector --- Banking --- Revenue administration --- Public sector --- Capital spending --- Commercial banks --- Current spending --- Economic sectors --- Expenditure --- Financial institutions --- Revenue --- Finance, Public --- Capital investments --- Banks and banking --- Expenditures, Public --- Dominica