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This publication describes the activities of the European Conference of Ministers of Transport during 1997 and sets out the Resolutions and Reports approved by the Council of Ministers of Transport during that year.

Transportation. --- Public transportation --- Transport --- Transportation --- Transportation, Primitive --- Transportation companies --- Transportation industry --- Locomotion --- Commerce --- Communication and traffic --- Storage and moving trade --- Economic aspects

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Transportation

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Railroads --- Chemins de fer --- Transports ferrovières --- Planning --- Congresses --- Economic aspects --- Planification --- Congrès --- Aspect économique --- Railway traffic

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Pollution, accidents and congestion all cause unnecessary welfare losses, and while transport services are an essential component of economic and social development, their negative side effects are drawing increasing political attention. Internalisation aims to create incentives to reduce these external costs by factoring them into markets. This report summarises the theoretical and practical dimensions to internalisation; reviews recent estimates of external costs; explores the mix of policies that might be used to promote internalisation successfully; and estimates the size of incentives required in monetary terms.

#A0003A --- 441 Verkeer en vervoer --- Transportation --- Externalities (Economics) --- Transport --- Economies externes --- Environmental aspects --- Social aspects --- Costs --- Aspect de l'environnement --- Aspect social --- Coût --- Costs, Social --- External economies and diseconomies --- External effects (Economics) --- Social costs --- Economics --- Public goods --- Waste (Economics) --- Welfare economics --- Public transportation --- Transportation, Primitive --- Transportation companies --- Transportation industry --- Locomotion --- Commerce --- Communication and traffic --- Storage and moving trade --- Economic aspects --- Business & Economics --- Transportation Economics

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Despite the fact that the freight transport market in Europe almost doubled in volume over the period 1970 to 1995, growth in the inland waterway sector has remained stagnant. Until now the waterways have primarily been used to transport goods produced by sectors that have been hard hit by industrial restructuring. However, the past does not necessarily hold the key to the future. Waterways can be readily incorporated into logistics chains in which regular supply streams and low transport costs are more important than speed. The transportation of hazardous materials and container transport also offer promising markets. The Round Table identified a number of policy measures which could help to promote development in the inland waterways sector (discontinuation of scrapping policies, support for the grouping of enterprises and the creation of co-operatives, incentives for private-sector investment). Reading the proceedings of this Round Table offers an opportunity to look at the inland waterways in a wholly new light which shows that there is a genuine future for this mode provided that operators are prepared to become entrepreneurs.

Transport --- Inland water transportation --- Business & Economics --- Transportation Economics --- Inland shipping --- Shipping, Inland water --- Water transportation, Inland --- Shipping --- Inland navigation