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Eutonie --- Mouvement --- Relaxation
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Relaxation. --- Athletic Performance. --- Relaxation --- Performance --- Athletic ability --- Relaxation --- Rendement au travail --- Sports, Aptitude pour les
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Polymers --- Polymers --- Dielectric relaxation. --- Molecular relaxation. --- Polymères --- Polymères --- Relaxation moléculaire --- Electric properties. --- Mechanical properties. --- Propriétés électriques --- Propriétés mécaniques
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Dielectric relaxation. --- Crystals --- Tunneling (Physics) --- Alkali metal halides.
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Relaxation methods (Mathematics) --- Relaxation, Méthodes de (mathématiques) --- Analyse numérique --- Numerical analysis. --- Equations aux derivees partielles --- Boltzmann equation --- Methodes numeriques --- Equations aux derivees partielles --- Boltzmann equation --- Methodes numeriques
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This book provides an introduction to the general principles of nuclear magnetic resonance and relaxation, concentrating on simple models and their application. The concepts of relaxation and the time domain are particularly emphasised. Some relatively advanced topics are treated, but the approach is graduated and all points of potential difficulty are carefully explained. An introductory classical discussion of relaxation is followed by a quantum-mechanical treatment. Only when the the principles of relaxation are firmly established is the density operator approach introduced; and then its power becomes apparent. A selection of case studies is considered in depth, providing applications of the ideas developed in the text. There are a number of appendices, including one on random functions. This treatment of one of the most important experimental techniques in modern science will be of great value to final-year undergraduates, graduate students and researchers using nuclear magnetic resonance, particularly physicists, and especially those involved in the study of condensed matter physics.
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Dans ce livre, beaucoup de jeux, d'exercices et de techniques ont été inventés, sont originaux et complètement nouveaux. D'autres ont été modifiés pour mieux servir un seul objectif : développer la capacité de tous pour permettre de mieux s'exprimer à travers le théâtre.
Théâtre-Forum --- Théâtre --- Art de l'acteur, technique --- Mouvement --- Relaxation --- Corps --- Exercices
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Viscoelasticandtransportpropertiesofpolymersintheliquid(solution,melt)or liquid-like (rubber) state determine their processing and application to a large extent and are of basic physical interest [1—3]. An understanding of these dynamic properties at a molecular level, therefore, is of great importance. However,thisunderstandingiscomplicatedbythefactsthatdi?erentmotional processes may occur on di?erent length scales and that the dynamics are governed by universal chain properties as well as by the special chemical structure of the monomer units [4,5]. The earliest and simplest approach in this direction starts from Langevin equations with solutions comprising a spectrum of relaxation modes [1—4]. Special features are the incorporation of entropic forces (Rouse model, [6]) which relax uctuations of reduced entropy, and of hydrodynamic interactions (Zimm model, [7]) which couple segmental motions via long-range back ow elds in polymer solutions, and the inclusion of topological constraints or entanglements (reptation or tube model, [8—10]) which are mutually imposed within a dense ensemble of chains. Another approach, neglecting the details of the chemical structure and concentratingontheuniversalelementsofchainrelaxation,isbasedondynamic scalingconsiderations[4,11].Inparticularinpolymersolutions,thisapproach o?ers an elegant tool to specify the general trends of polymer dynamics, although it su?ers from the lack of a molecular interpretation. A real test of these theoretical approaches requires microscopic methods, which simultaneously give direct access to the space and time evolution of the segmental di?usion. Here, quasi-elastic scattering methods play a crucial role sincetheyallowthemeasurementofthecorrespondingcorrelationfunctions.In particular,thehigh-resolutionneutronspinecho(NSE)spectroscopy[12—15]is very suitable for such investigations since this method covers an appropriate range in time (0.005)t/ns)40) and space (r/nm [15). Furthermore, the possibilityoflabellingbyhydrogen-deuteriumexchangeallowstheobservation of single-chain behavior even in the melt.
fysicochemie --- Macromolecules --- reologie --- Polymers --- Neutron spin echoes. --- Rheology. --- Viscoelasticity. --- Polymères --- Echos de spins de neutrons --- Rhéologie --- Viscoélasticité --- Analysis. --- Analyse --- Neutron spin echoes --- Rheology --- Viscoelasticity --- Organic Chemistry --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Analysis --- Polymères --- Rhéologie --- Viscoélasticité --- Continuum mechanics --- Elasticity --- Viscosity --- Relaxation phenomena --- Colloids --- Deformations (Mechanics) --- Plasticity --- Echoes, Neutron spin --- Spin echoes, Neutron --- Neutron resonance --- Polymers . --- Condensed matter. --- Polymer Sciences. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization
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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Workshop on Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, EMMCVPR'97, held in Venice, Italy, in May 1997. The book presents 29 revised full papers selected from a total of 62 submissions. Also included are four full invited papers and a keynote paper by leading researchers. The volume is organized in sections on contours and deformable models, Markov random fields, deterministic methods, object recognition, evolutionary search, structural models, and applications. The volume is the first comprehensive documentation of the application of energy minimization techniques in the areas of compiler vision and pattern recognition.
Computer vision --- Pattern recognition systems --- Neural networks (Computer science) --- Evolutionary computation --- Simulated annealing (Mathematics) --- Congresses. --- Applied Physics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Congresses --- Algorithm, Annealing --- Algorithm, Probabilistic exchange --- Annealing, Monte Carlo --- Annealing, Simulated --- Annealing algorithm --- Cooling, Statistical --- Exchange algorithm, Probabilistic --- Hill climbing, Probabilistic --- Monte Carlo annealing --- Probabilistic exchange algorithm --- Probabilistic hill climbing --- Relaxation, Stochastic --- Statistical cooling --- Stochastic relaxation --- Computer science. --- Computers. --- Algorithms. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer graphics. --- Image processing. --- Pattern recognition. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Pattern Recognition. --- Image Processing and Computer Vision. --- Computer Graphics. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Optical pattern recognition. --- Computer vision. --- Computer software. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Software, Computer --- Computer systems --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing --- Optical data processing --- Pattern perception --- Perceptrons --- Visual discrimination --- Automatic drafting --- Graphic data processing --- Graphics, Computer --- Computer art --- Graphic arts --- Electronic data processing --- Engineering graphics --- Informatics --- Science --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Digital techniques --- Optical data processing. --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Design perception --- Pattern recognition --- Form perception --- Perception --- Figure-ground perception --- Foundations --- Optical equipment --- Computer vision - Congresses. --- Pattern recognition systems - Congresses. --- Neural networks (Computer science) - Congresses. --- Evolutionary computation - Congresses. --- Simulated annealing (Mathematics) - Congresses.
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