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Civilization, Arab --- Islamic countries --- Civilization.

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Economics --- Economics --- Religious aspects --- Islam --- Islamic countries.

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By examining a wide range of Arabic and Persian literature from the eighth to the thirteenth century, Louise Marlow shows the tension that existed between the traditional egalitarian ideal of early Islam, and the hierarchical impulses of the classical period. The literature demonstrates that while Islam's initial orientation was markedly egalitarian, the social aspect of this egalitarianism was soon undermined in the aftermath of Islam's political success, and as hierarchical social ideas from older cultures in the Middle East were incorporated into the new polity. Although the memory of its early promise never entirely receded, social egalitarianism quickly came to be associated with political subversion. On account of its originality and chronological scope, Louise Marlow's book will be of use to a wide readership of Islamic historians and of scholars assessing the impact of the modern Islamic revival.

Equality --- Social justice --- Social structure --- Occupational prestige --- History --- Religious aspects --- Islam --- -Equality --- -Occupational prestige --- -Social justice --- -Social structure --- -Organization, Social --- Social organization --- Anthropology --- Sociology --- Social institutions --- Justice --- Job status (Occupational prestige) --- Occupational hierarchy --- Occupational status (Occupational prestige) --- Prestige --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Democracy --- Liberty --- -Islam --- Islam. --- History. --- -History --- Organization, Social --- Religious aspects&delete& --- Islamic countries --- Equality - Islamic countries - History. --- Equality - Religious aspects - Islam. --- Social justice - Islamic countries - History. --- Social structure - Islamic countries - History. --- Occupational prestige - Islamic countries - History. --- Equality (Islam) --- Equality - Islamic countries - History --- Equality - Religious aspects - Islam --- Social justice - Islamic countries - History --- Social structure - Islamic countries - History --- Occupational prestige - Islamic countries - History

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Gays in popular culture --- Homosexuality --- Male homosexuality --- History. --- Homosexuality, Male --- Men --- Same-sex attraction --- Sexual orientation --- Bisexuality --- Popular culture --- History --- Sexual behavior --- Islamic countries --- Homosexualité masculine --- Homosexuality - Islamic countries. --- Homosexuality - Islamic countries - History. --- Homosexuality, Male - Islamic countries. --- Gays in popular culture - Islamic countries.

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State-sponsored terrorism --- Iran --- Foreign relations --- 1979-1997 --- Islamic countries --- Politics and government