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Money supply --- -Money supply --- -Foreign exchange rates --- -Gold standard --- History
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Foreign exchange --- Monetary policy --- Money supply --- Mathematical models
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AA / International- internationaal --- 333.130.2 --- 333.80 --- 333.111.30 --- Monetary policy --- 332.46 --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Bankliquiditeit. Verplichte reserves. Solvabiliteit. --- Geld-, bank- en kredietpolitiek. Kapitaalmarkt en -rente: algemeenheden. --- Verrichtingen: algemeen. --- Bankliquiditeit. Verplichte reserves. Solvabiliteit --- Geld-, bank- en kredietpolitiek. Kapitaalmarkt en -rente: algemeenheden --- Verrichtingen: algemeen
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Money. --- Monetary policy. --- Foreign exchange administration. --- Rational expectations (Economic theory) --- Money --- Monetary policy --- Foreign exchange administration --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Monetary management --- Currency --- Monetary question --- Money, Primitive --- Specie --- Standard of value --- Expectations, Rational (Economic theory) --- Foreign exchange --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Exchange --- Value --- Banks and banking --- Coinage --- Currency question --- Gold --- Silver --- Silver question --- Wealth --- Economic forecasting --- Time and economic reactions --- Uncertainty
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Capitalism --- Economic history --- International finance --- Keynesian economics --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary policy --- 330.00 --- 339.311.0 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Economics --- Post-Keynesian economics --- Schools of economics --- History --- Economische en sociale theorieën: algemeenheden --- Sparen: algemeenheden --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Economic schools --- Money. Monetary policy
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Devaluation of currency --- French franc area --- Monetary policy --- 333.432.2 --- AA / International- internationaal --- AFR / Africa - Afrika - Afrique --- FR / France - Frankrijk --- Monetary management --- Franc area, French --- Zone franc --- Currency devaluation --- Money --- Frankgebied --- Devaluation --- International finance --- Africa --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Monetary unions --- Currency question
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In light of the persistence of moderate inflation in many transition economies, this paper analyzes whether inflation resulted from insufficiently tight financial policies and wage pressures or from the protracted adjustment of relative prices. Using a new database for 21 countries, the effect of relative price variability on inflation is estimated within a framework controlling for nominal and real shocks. Money and wage growth were the most important determinants of inflation; relative price variability had a sizable effect at high inflation during initial liberalization and a small effect at moderate inflation. Cost recovery may contribute to variability, particularly in the advanced stages of the transition.
Comparative Studies of Particular Economies --- Currency --- Deflation --- Forecasting and Other Model Applications --- Foreign Exchange --- Foreign exchange --- Income economics --- Inflation --- Labor --- Labour --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary base --- Monetary economics --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Money supply --- Money --- Price adjustments --- Price Level --- Prices --- Real exchange rates --- Wages --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Czech Republic
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The paper explores the inflationary implications of exchange rate regime reforms in a small open economy model combining the public finance view of inflation with multiple exchange markets. To account for the experience of many developing countries, the analysis focuses on transitions to multiple official exchange markets. In those countries, multiple exchange rates were often announced as temporary. The paper shows that the dynamic response of inflation to the reform markedly differ whether the announcement is credible or not. The paper also compares the response of inflation under a fixed crawl of nominal official rates and under the presence of policy rules aimed at reducing the spread between the official and parallel exchange rates.
Banking --- Banks and Banking --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Currency --- Deflation --- Economics of specific sectors --- Economics --- Exchange rates --- Fiscal Policy --- Foreign Exchange --- Foreign exchange --- Inflation --- Informal Economy --- Informal economy --- Informal sector --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary base --- Monetary economics --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Money supply --- Price Level --- Prices --- Quasi-fiscal operations --- Underground Econom
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This paper reviews macroeconomic developments in China in 1994 and 1995, in particular the progress achieved during these years in “cooling” the economy following the intense overheating that originated in an investment boom in 1992. During 1994, efforts were intensified to achieve macroeconomic stability, with some initial headway being made in slowing the pace of economic activity. In 1995, demand and output further moderated toward more sustainable rates, with inflation declining steadily from the record high levels of 1994 to single-digit levels by end-1995.
Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Trade: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary economics --- International economics --- Banking --- Finance --- Credit --- Monetary base --- Exports --- Imports --- Money --- International trade --- Loans --- Financial institutions --- Banks and banking --- Money supply --- China, People's Republic of
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