Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Quantum phase transitions, driven by quantum fluctuations, exhibit intriguing features offering the possibility of potentially new applications, e.g. in quantum information sciences. Major advances have been made in both theoretical and experimental investigations of the nature and behavior of quantum phases and transitions in cooperatively interacting many-body quantum systems.  For modeling purposes, most of the current innovative and successful research in this field has been obtained by either directly or indirectly using the insights provided by quantum (or transverse field) Ising models because of the separability of the cooperative interaction from the tunable transverse field or tunneling term in the relevant Hamiltonian. Also, a number of condensed matter systems can be modeled accurately in this approach, hence granting the possibility to compare advanced models with actual experimental results.  This work introduces these quantum Ising models and analyses them both theoretically and numerically in great detail. With its tutorial approach the book addresses above all young researchers who wish to enter the field and are in search of a suitable and self-contained text, yet it will also serve as a valuable reference work for all active researchers in this area.

Ising model --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- Lenz-Ising model --- Physics. --- Quantum physics. --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics). --- Magnetism. --- Magnetic materials. --- Statistical physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems. --- Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity. --- Magnetism, Magnetic Materials. --- Quantum Physics. --- Quantum theory. --- Complex Systems. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Mathematical statistics --- Mathematical physics --- Electricity --- Magnetics --- Statistical methods --- Materials --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Statics --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics --- Ising model. --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Inner cities --- Urban poor --- Quality of life --- Urban policy --- Communities - Urban Groups --- Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- Cities and state --- Urban problems --- City and town life --- Economic policy --- Social policy --- Sociology, Urban --- City planning --- Urban renewal --- Life, Quality of --- Economic history --- Human ecology --- Life --- Social history --- Basic needs --- Human comfort --- Social accounting --- Work-life balance --- City dwellers --- Poor --- Central cities --- Ghettos, Inner city --- Inner city ghettos --- Inner city problems --- Zones of transitions --- Cities and towns --- Urban cores --- Attitudes --- Public opinion

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper reviews the uneven record of fiscal performance in the states of the former Soviet Union since independence. Deficits have come down rapidly, an important contribution to stabilization. Given, however, the unexpectedly severe revenue decline and limited financing, the stabilization was reached by sharp cuts in expenditure. The cuts were abrupt and not focused on transition goals, and the instruments used vitiated normal budgetary processes. Hence, benchmarks of fiscal success other than stabilization are elusive. Government intervention and subsidies remain important, social spending is inefficient, and there is little evidence in the budget of restructuring.

Budgeting --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Public Economics --- Comparative Studies of Particular Economies --- National Deficit Surplus --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions --- Privatization --- Contracting Out --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Public finance & taxation --- Budgeting & financial management --- International economics --- Monetary economics --- Expenditure --- Budget planning and preparation --- Arrears --- Currencies --- Public financial management (PFM) --- External debt --- Economic sectors --- Social assistance spending --- Expenditures, Public --- Budget --- Debts, External --- Money --- Russian Federation