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ISBN: 1462374212 145524130X 1451960433 1455205095 Year: 1996 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,
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This paper studies how the composition of fiscal adjustments influences their likelihood of “success”, defined as a long lasting deficit reduction, and their macroeconomic consequences. We find that fiscal adjustments which rely primarily on spending cuts on transfers and the government wage bill have a better chance of being successful and are expansionary. On the contrary fiscal adjustments which rely primarily on tax increases and cuts in public investment tend not to last and are contractionary. We discuss alterative explanations for these findings by studying both a full sample of OECD countries and by focusing on three case studies: Denmark, Ireland and Italy.
Expenditure --- Expenditures, Public --- Fiscal consolidation --- Fiscal Policy --- Fiscal policy --- Income economics --- Labor costs --- Labor --- Labour --- Macroeconomics --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Public sector wages --- Wages --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Italy
Book
ISBN: 1462313760 145524743X Year: 1996 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,
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Real wage declines have been common in the public sector in many countries over substantial periods of time. In several cases, such wage reductions have coincided with a decline in the efficiency of the public sector. In a simple analytical framework, it is shown that higher wage levels alter the incentive compatible equilibrium by attracting relatively skilled human capital to the government sector, which raises the quality of public output--tax revenue collection in this paper. Increases in wages should be complemented with appropriate monitoring and penalty rates for effective tax administration; prescriptions of raising the statutory tax rate alone, however, may not increase revenue collection.
Administrative Processes in Public Organizations --- Bureaucracy --- Corporate crime --- Corruption --- Crime --- Criminology --- Income economics --- Labor --- Labour --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Sector Labor Markets --- Public sector wages --- Real wages --- Revenue administration --- Tax Evasion and Avoidance --- Tax evasion --- Taxation --- Wages --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- White-collar crime --- Russian Federation
Book
ISBN: 1462338232 1451993943 1280977434 9786613749048 1463909497 Year: 1996 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,
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In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Exports and Imports --- Labor --- Public Finance --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Trade: General --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Labour --- income economics --- Revenue administration --- Expenditure --- External debt --- Exports --- Wages --- International trade --- Public sector wages --- Revenue --- Expenditures, Public --- Debts, External --- Niger --- Income economics
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