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Machine learning.

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Papers from the October 1995 workshop report on methodological advances for the analysis of timed and stochastic Petri nets by means of numerical techniques or simulation, and detail applications such as computer systems, communication networks, and flexible manufacturing systems. Includes sections on decomposition and aggregation; analysis algorithms; distributed systems; non-Markovian nets; stochastic well- formed nets; and stochastic process algebra, and offers software tool demonstration proposals.

Machine theory. --- Machine theory --- Petri nets

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Parallel computers --- Machine theory

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Using an original data source, this paper investigates the circumstances under which firms adopt computer numerical control (CNC), an important type of flexible automation which can significantly increase productivity, product variety and quality. The paper shows that arms'-length supplier/customer relationships are a significant barrier to CNC adoption, even where CNC would improve efficiency. For firms where CNC would be efficient, but who currently receive little commitment from their customers, an increase in contract length of one year would increase the adoption rate by 30%. These results have theoretical implications in two areas. First, the paper integrates questions of appropriability into the technical change literature, by adding supplier relations as a determinant of technology adoption. Second, the paper extends transaction-cost analysis, by relaxing the assumption that agents' private maximizing behavior will always produce organizational forms that maximize social efficiency.

Machine-tools --- Numerical control.

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Human engineering. --- Human-machine systems. --- Human Engineering. --- Man-Machine Systems.