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La revue de la littérature nous a conduits à comparer différentes méthodes utilisées pour le dosage des isocyanates dans l’air et des amines correspondants dans les urines et à sélectionner les plus performantes mais également les plus pratiques pour la surveillance des travailleurs exposés aux isocyanates.
Les différentes étapes des deux techniques mises au point se résument en :
* Pour le dosage des isocyanates dans l’air utilisant des filtres de prélèvement :
- le traitement préalable des filtres par un réactif de dérivatisation (1-(2 metoxyphenyl) piperazine) ;
- le captage et la dérivatisation des isocyanates sur filtres en dérivés de l’urée correspondants ;
- la séparation par chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance utilisant un gradient de concentration ;
- et la quantification par ultraviolet à 242 nm.
La limite de détection obtenue et rapportée à un volume d’air de 1 m3 est de l’ordre de 1% des TLV de l’ACGIH.
* Pour le dosage des 2,4 et 2,6 TDA dans les urines, la préparation de l’échantillon implique :
- une hydrolyse alcaline des urines pour libérer les TDA conjugués et acétylés ;
- deux phases d’extraction, l’une semi sélective sur cartouche Chem Elut, basée sue le principe d’extraction liquide (séparation des amines de la matrice) suivie d’une évaporation du solvant (concentration des amines), l’autre sélective solide sur colonne échangeuse de cations ;
- la séparation par chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance, utilisant le principe de chromatographie par paire d’ions et une quantification par électrochimie à 350 mV.
La limite de détection obtenue dans les urines est inférieure au ug/l.
Isocyanates --- Occupational Exposure --- Preventive Medicine
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