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Frances Pritchett's lively, compassionate book joins literary criticism with history to explain how Urdu poetry-long the pride of Indo-Muslim culture-became devalued in the second half of the nineteenth century.This abrupt shift, Pritchett argues, was part of the backlash following the violent Indian Mutiny of 1857. She uses the lives and writings of the distinguished poets and critics Azad and Hali to show the disastrous consequences-culturally and politically-of British rule. The British had science, urban planning-and Wordsworth. Azad and Hali had a discredited culture and a metaphysical, sexually ambiguous poetry that differed radically from English lyric forms.Pritchett's beautiful reconstruction of the classical Urdu poetic vision allows us to understand one of the world's richest literary traditions and also highlights the damaging potential of colonialism.

Urdu literature --- History and criticism. --- Indo-Iranian Languages & Literatures --- Languages & Literatures --- History and criticism --- Āzād, Muḥammad Ḥusain, --- Ḥālī, K̲h̲vājah Alt̤āf Ḥusain, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Altaf Husain Hali, --- Altaf Hussain, --- Ḥusain, Alt̤āf, --- K̲h̲wajāh Alt̤āf Ḥusain Ḥāli, --- Muhammada Altāfa Husaina Hālī, --- Hālī, Muhammada Altāfa Husaina --- Alt̤āf Ḥusain, --- Hussain, Altaf, --- Hālī Pānīpatī, --- Pānīpatī, Hālī, --- Alatāpha Husaina Hālī Pānīpatī, --- Hālī Pānīpatī, Alatāpha Husaina, --- Khali, Altaf Khuseĭn, --- Ḥālī, --- Hālī, Altāfa Husaina, --- Ḥālī, Alṭāf Ḥusayn, --- Khvājah Alṭāf Ḥusayn Ḥāli, --- Hali, Khwaja Altaf Husain, --- الطاف حسين حالى پانى پتى --- خواجه الطاف حسين جالى --- Haali, --- ‏حالى،‏ --- ‏حالى، خواجه الطاف حسين،‏ --- ‏حالى، الطاف حسين،‏ --- Azad, Mohammad Hussain, --- Azad, Mohammed Hussain, --- Azad, Mohd. Husain, --- Azad, Muhammad Hussain, --- Hussain, Mohammad, --- Mohammad Hussain, --- Muḥammad Ḥusain Āzād, --- آزاد، محمّد حسين، --- ،آزاد، محمد حسين --- ،محمد حسين آزاد --- Ḥālī, Khvājah Alṭāf Ḥusayn, --- Alṭāf Ḥusayn Ḥālī, --- الطاف حسين حالى --- Altof Ḣusaĭn Ḣolī, --- Ḣolī, Altof Ḣusaĭn,