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Health policy has been for some time high on the agenda of many countries--and where it has not, it should be. Since no ideal model of health services has ever been devised 9 one may look for favorable elements in the health sector of a given country and examine their applicability to other countries. This paper analyzes Israel’s health sector in this context.

Public Finance --- Health Policy --- Demography --- Insurance --- Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General --- Publicly Provided Goods: General --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- Health: General --- Analysis of Health Care Markets --- Demographic Economics: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Insurance Companies --- Actuarial Studies --- Health economics --- Health systems & services --- Public finance & taxation --- Population & demography --- Insurance & actuarial studies --- Health --- Health care --- Health care spending --- Population and demographics --- Total expenditures --- Expenditure --- Financial institutions --- Medical care --- Expenditures, Public --- Population --- Israel

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This paper presents a framework for planning the development of computerized government budgeting and accounting systems in economies in transition and developing economies. It argues that a comprehensive framework is needed to enable fiscal management issues to be addressed effectively, then outlines a methodology for planning systems development and proposes strategies for implementing the methodology in transitional and developing economies.

Accounting --- Budgeting --- Public Finance --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General --- Budgeting & financial management --- Public finance accounting --- Public finance & taxation --- Budget planning and preparation --- Fiscal accounting and reporting --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Budget execution and treasury management --- Expenditure --- Budget --- Finance, Public --- Expenditures, Public

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This paper describes economic developments in El Salvador during the 1990s. Since 1990, the government has implemented a major economic reform program, including through a greater reliance on market forces. Although risks remain, financial imbalances have been reduced, economic growth has resumed, and inflation has declined. The government also is modernizing the structure of the public sector, including a reform of public expenditure management. The restructuring of the public finances aims to increase public savings, reorient public expenditure toward increased peace-related expenditure, and increase efficiency in delivering services.

Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Education: General --- Health: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Civil service & public sector --- Education --- Health economics --- Tariffs --- Revenue administration --- Expenditure --- Public sector --- Taxes --- Economic sectors --- Health --- Tariff --- Revenue --- Expenditures, Public --- Finance, Public --- El Salvador

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Poland's economy rebounded dramatically in 1992-93, several years after the nation embarded on a comprehensive program of economic transformation. This paper describes Polan's steps in the areas of public finance, monetary policy and financial sector reform, trade and exchange rate policy, and microeconomic liberalization, as well as the social impact of transition.

Economic order --- Poland --- economie de marche libre --- politique economique --- pologne --- vrije markteconomie --- economisch beleid --- polen --- Economic policy --- Economic conditions --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Trade: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- International economics --- Banking --- Public finance & taxation --- Exports --- Imports --- Expenditure --- Pension spending --- Commercial banks --- Financial institutions --- International trade --- Banks and banking --- Pensions --- Poland, Republic of

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The analysis of this paper indicates that the unsatisfactory overall economic performance of sub-Saharan African countries during 1986–93 was due to inappropriate policies pursued by a number of countries. The countries that have pursued broadly appropriate adjustment policies have performed much better, achieving positive per capita GDP growth. The analysis is supported with an econometric investigation of the effects of macroeconomic policies, structural reforms, and exogenous factors on economic performance. The results indicate that progress in achieving macroeconomic stability and implementing structural reforms have been conducive to better growth, savings, and private investment.

Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Investments: General --- Public Finance --- Macroeconomics --- Estimation --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Foreign Aid --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Private investment --- Foreign aid --- Terms of trade --- Public investment spending --- Real effective exchange rates --- National accounts --- International trade --- Expenditure --- Private savings --- Saving and investment --- International relief --- Economic policy --- nternational cooperation --- Public investments --- South Africa