Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Company law. Associations --- Tort and negligence --- -Investors --- Shareholders --- Investor relations --- -Bijzonder vennootschaprecht: aandelen, obligaties, openbare uitgiften, emissies, openbaar aanbod, liquidatie --- -347.728 Bijzonder vennootschaprecht: aandelen, obligaties, openbare uitgiften, emissies, openbaar aanbod, liquidatie --- Investors --- Stockholders --- 347.728 --- 347.728 Bijzonder vennootschaprecht: aandelen, obligaties, openbare uitgiften, emissies, openbaar aanbod, liquidatie --- Bijzonder vennootschaprecht: aandelen, obligaties, openbare uitgiften, emissies, openbaar aanbod, liquidatie --- Capitalists and financiers --- Corporation law --- Corporations --- Stocks --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Legal status, laws, etc.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments.

Capacity --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capital --- Cost --- Exports and Imports --- Financial institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Imports --- Industrial productivity --- Institutional Investors --- Intangible Capital --- International economics --- International trade --- Investment & securities --- Investment --- Investments: General --- Investments: Stocks --- Macroeconomics --- Macroeconomics: Production --- National accounts --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Pension Funds --- Production and Operations Management --- Production --- Productivity --- Return on investment --- Saving and investment --- Stocks --- Total factor productivity --- Trade: General --- United States

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The paper examines the short- and long-term effects of price liberalization in a reforming socialist economy. The analysis is based on an optimizing framework that highlights hoarding behavior and the existence of parallel goods markets. The behavior of official and parallel market prices, stock of durables, and the velocity of money in the transition period between reform announcement and reform implementation is characterized, in the presence and absence of uncertainty about the transition date.

Asset prices --- Banks and Banking --- Deflation --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Financial services --- Government policy --- Incomes Policy --- Inflation --- Institutional Investors --- Interest rates --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Intertemporal Consumer Choice --- Investment & securities --- Investments: Stocks --- Life Cycle Models and Saving --- Macroeconomics --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Pension Funds --- Price controls --- Price Level --- Price Policy --- Prices --- Real interest rates --- Stocks --- Russian Federation

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Financial institutions intermediate between savers and investors and contribute to corporate governance. Equity and bond markets in the former centrally planned economies are not yet in a position adequately to provide these services. It is not yet clear that investment funds will provide the necessary financing and corporate management. Therefore the first priority for financial sector reforms must be to establish a healthy commercial banking sector. Banks are the most promising source of financing, provide payment services which are crucial to both the real and financial sectors and, by monitoring the use of loaned funds, will be the primary source of corporate governance during the transformation to a market economy.

Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Investments: General --- Investments: Stocks --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions --- Privatization --- Contracting Out --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Banking --- Finance --- Investment & securities --- Commercial banks --- Stock markets --- Securities markets --- Financial markets --- Financial institutions --- Securities --- Stocks --- Banks and banking --- Stock exchanges --- Capital market --- Financial instruments --- Slovak Republic

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper provides information on private market financing for developing countries, covering developments since August 1992. Progress in dealing with bank debt problems has been based in large part on persistence in the pursuit of stabilization and reform programs. Such programs have resulted in strengthened external positions that have allowed debtor countries to accumulate reserves for use in debt-reduction operations. All of the countries where negotiations are now continuing had at some point suspended payments on medium- and long-term debt. Banks have recognized that resumption of regular (albeit partial) payments can be politically difficult in the absence of a quid pro quo. The group of middle-and lower-middle income countries with debt problems still to come to terms with bank creditors on debt-reduction packages is now limited. Many of these remaining countries (including Bulgaria, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Poland) have already begun negotiations with creditor banks.

Asset and liability management --- Banking --- Banks and Banking --- Banks and banking --- Banks --- Bonds --- Capital market --- Commercial banks --- Debt Management --- Debt reduction --- Debt --- Debts, External --- Depository Institutions --- Finance --- Finance: General --- Financial institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Financial instruments --- Financial markets --- Financial Risk Management --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Institutional Investors --- International bonds --- International economics --- International Trade Organizations --- Investment & securities --- Investments: Bonds --- Investments: General --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Monetary economics --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Mortgages --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Pension Funds --- Securities --- Sovereign Debt --- Stock exchanges --- Stock markets --- Stocks --- Trade Policy --- Mexico