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This tripartite study of the monkey metaphor, the monkey performance, and the 'special status' people traces changes in Japanese culture from the eighth century to the present. During early periods of Japanese history the monkey's nearness to the human-animal boundary made it a revered mediator or an animal deity closest to humans. Later it became a scapegoat mocked for its vain efforts to behave in a human fashion. Modern Japanese have begun to see a new meaning in the monkey--a clown who turns itself into an object of laughter while challenging the basic assumptions of Japanese culture and society.

Monkeys --- Animals and civilization --- Buraku people. --- Social aspects. --- Japan --- Civilization. --- Kultur --- Geschichte --- Affen --- Japanese culture --- Social aspects --- Sociological perspectives. --- Japan. --- Civilization --- Barbarism --- Civilisation --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Culture --- World Decade for Cultural Development, 1988-1997 --- Haplorhini --- Primates --- Civilization and animals --- Human-animal relationships --- al-Yābān --- Giappone --- Government of Japan --- Iapōnia --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Japam --- Japani --- Japão --- Japon --- Japonia --- Japonsko --- Japonya --- Jih-pen --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Nihon --- Nihon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nippon --- Nippon-koku --- Nipponkoku --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Riben --- State of Japan --- Yābān --- Yapan --- Yīpun --- Zhāpān --- Япония --- اليابان --- يابان --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- Azuma Kagami. --- Buddhism. --- Kojiki. --- Mountain Deity. --- Murasaki family. --- Nihongi. --- Oda Nobunaga. --- Ouwehand, C. --- Samson, G. --- Sarumaru Tayū. --- Shintoism. --- agriculture. --- ambiguity. --- anomalous symbol. --- catfish. --- cultured monkeys. --- dualism. --- dualistic cosmology. --- emotion. --- eta hinin. --- framing. --- healing, meaning of. --- hierarchy of meaning. --- historical actors. --- historical regularities. --- human-animal relationship. --- impurity. --- indexicality. --- inversion. --- kawaramono. --- laughter. --- long-term study of culture. --- marginals. --- mirror. --- multivocal symbols. --- non-agrarian population. --- nonresidents. --- oxen. --- performance. --- pronouns. --- radical negativity. --- reflexive monkey. --- reflexive symbol. --- residents. --- sansho. --- scapegoat. --- shomoji. --- sign. --- social position. --- stranger-deity. --- taboo. --- trickster. --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс --- Tiere --- Tierdarstellung --- Motiv --- Landesgeschichte --- Regionalgeschichte --- Ortsgeschichte --- Zeitgeschichte --- Geschichtsphilosophie --- Vergangenheit --- I͡Aponii͡