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The Ngwa region lies in the heart of the Nigerian palm belt. Palm oil is one of the oldest foodstuffs of the region and has also been an export crop, produced mainly by women, from the early nineteenth century to the present day. This 1988 book describes the rise and fall of the oil palm export industry. In contrast to the views of both dependency and vent-for-surplus theorists, it is shown that patterns of export growth and capital investment were heavily influenced by locally inspired changes in food production methods, gender and intergenerational relationships. The processes of change within the domestic and export economies became increasingly closely intertwined after 1924, when African coastal middlemen began to settle further inland and to spread the knowledge of cassava and Christianity. This book draws upon a wide range of economic, botanical, anthropological and historical studies as well as on colonial archives, but its heart lies in the oral evidence and life histories generously provided by Ngwa men and women.

Palm oil industry --- Igbo (African people) --- Ibo (African people) --- Ibo tribe --- Ethnology --- Vegetable oil industry --- History --- Social Sciences --- Political Science

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Nuer (African people) --- Naadh (African people) --- Naath (African people) --- Nuer (African tribe) --- Ethnology --- Nilotic peoples --- Social life and customs --- Social life and customs.

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Abelam (Papua New Guinean people) --- Land use, Rural --- Economic conditions. --- Social life and customs. --- Kimbangwa (Papua New Guinea) --- Social conditions. --- Rural land use --- Land use --- Agriculture --- Abelam (New Guinea tribe) --- Abelam (Papua New Guinea people) --- Ethnology --- Papuans --- Economic conditions --- Social life and customs

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Based on interviews and life histories collected over more than twenty-five years of study on the Pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota, Marla N. Powers conveys what it means to be an Oglala woman. Despite the myth of the Euramerican that sees Oglala women as inferior to men, and the Lakota myth that seems them as superior, in reality, Powers argues, the roles of male and female emerge as complementary. In fact, she claims, Oglala women have been better able to adapt to the dominant white culture and provide much of the stability and continuity of modern tribal life. This rich ethnographic portrait considers the complete context of Oglala life-religion, economics, medicine, politics, old age-and is enhanced by numerous modern and historical photographs. "It is a happy event when a fine scholarly work is rendered accessible to the general reader, especially so when none of the complexity of the subject matter is sacrificed. Oglala Women is a long overdue revisionary ethnography of Native American culture."-Penny Skillman, San Francisco Chronicle Review "Marla N. Powers's fine study introduced me to Oglala women 'portrayed from the perspectives of Indians,' to women who did not pity themselves and want no pity from others. . . . A brave, thorough, and stimulating book."-Melody Graulich, Women's Review of Books "Powers's new book is an intricate weaving . . . and her synthesis brings all of these pieces into a well-integrated and insightful whole, one which sheds new light on the importance of women and how they have adapted to the circumstances of the last century."-Elizabeth S. Grobsmith, Nebraska History

Oglala women. --- Indian women --- Oglala Indians --- Indians of North America --- American aborigines --- American Indians --- First Nations (North America) --- Indians of the United States --- Indigenous peoples --- Native Americans --- North American Indians --- Women, Indian --- Women --- Women, Oglala --- Social life and customs. --- Culture --- Ethnology --- south dakota, reservation, pine ridge, oglala, women, gender, native american, indigenous, culture, lakota, hierarchy, power, femininity, masculinity, superiority, tribal life, tribe, adaptation, history, myth, tradition, ethnography, anthropology, sociology, religion, economics, politics, aging, old age, wisdom, photography, strength, ritual, ghost road, medicine woman, grandmothers, winunlicala, kinship, marriage, womanhood, winyan, courtship, puberty, adolescence, wikoskalaka, girlhood, wincincala, nonfiction, chiefs, control, activism.

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Rôle selon le sexe --- Parente --- Bara (peuple malgache) --- Verwandtschaft --- Sozialstruktur --- Geschlechterrolle --- Bara --- Sex role. --- Kinship. --- Bara (Malagasy people) --- Bara (Peuple de Madagascar) --- Sex role --- Kinship --- Moeurs et coutumes. --- Social life and customs. --- Bara (Madagaskar) --- Madagascar --- Madagascar. --- Ascendance --- Ascendants (généalogie) --- Descendance --- Descendants (généalogie) --- Filiation (anthropologie) --- Lignage (descendance) --- Lignée (descendance) --- Parents (membres d'une famille) --- Consanguinité --- Famille --- Filiation --- Généalogie --- Mariage --- Parenté --- Phylogénie --- Relations à plaisanterie --- Avunculat --- Filiation matrilinéaire --- Filiation patrilinéaire --- Génos --- Mariage des cousins croisés --- Parenté rituelle --- Systèmes de parenté --- Comportement selon le sexe --- Interchangeabilité des rôles --- Rôles féminins --- Rôles masculins --- Rôles sexuels --- Sexe, Rôle selon le --- (psychologie) --- Bara (Madagascan tribe) --- Ethnology --- Clans --- Consanguinity --- Families --- Kin recognition --- Gender role --- Gender roles --- Gendered role --- Gendered roles --- Role, Gender --- Role, Gendered --- Role, Sex --- Roles, Gender --- Roles, Gendered --- Roles, Sex --- Sex roles --- Sex (Psychology) --- Sex differences (Psychology) --- Social role --- Gender expression --- Sexism --- Gender --- Geschlechtsrolle --- Soziales Geschlecht --- Soziale Rolle --- Geschlechtsunterschied --- Bevölkerung --- Gesellschaft --- Gesellschaftsstruktur --- Soziale Organisation --- Soziale Struktur --- Struktur --- Verwandter --- Verwandte --- Angehöriger --- Familienangehöriger --- Responsabilité pénale --- Anthropologie --- Democratic Republic of Madagascar --- Madagasikara --- Madagaskar --- Madagasukaru --- RDM --- Repoblika Demokratika Malagasy --- Repoblika Demokratika n'i Madagaskar --- Repoblikan'i Madagasikara --- Repoblikan'i Madakasikara --- Republic of Madagascar --- République de Madagascar --- République démocratique de Madagascar --- République de Madagascar --- Insel --- Madagassen --- -1896 --- 1958 --- -Rôle selon le sexe --- Rôle selon le sexe --- Verwandtschaft. --- Sozialstruktur. --- Geschlechterrolle. --- Madagaskar.