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815 Geschiedenis --- 831.1 Handelspolitiek --- 844 Sociale Structuur --- 881 Afrika --- 882 Amerika --- 884 Europa

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Commerce Est-Ouest ( 1945- ) --- East-West trade ( 1945- ) --- Oost-West handel ( 1945- ) --- 339.54 <4-11> --- Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel--Oost-Europa --- East-West trade. --- Export controls --- Technology transfer --- 339.54 <4-11>Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel--Oost-Europa --- 339.54 <4-11> Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel--Oost-Europa --- East-West trade --- Technological transfer --- Transfer of technology --- Diffusion of innovations --- Inventions --- Research, Industrial --- Technology and international relations --- Foreign licensing agreements --- Technological forecasting --- Technological innovations --- Technology --- Export licenses --- Export restrictions --- Licenses, Export --- Foreign trade regulation --- East-West trade (1945- ) --- International trade --- International cooperation --- Law and legislation --- United States --- Communist countries --- Europe

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AA / International- internationaal --- 338.340 --- 338.013 --- 380.25 --- 339.54 --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld. --- Belang, verdeling en beleid van de natuurlijke rijkdommen. Grondstoffen. --- Theorie van de termijnmarkten. --- Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel --- 339.54 Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel --- Buffer stocks --- Commodity control --- Commodity futures --- Exports --- Commodities futures --- Commodity futures contracts --- Commodity futures trading --- Futures, Commodity --- Futures --- International commodity control --- Commercial policy --- Cartels --- Producers' associations --- International buffer stocks --- Stocks, Buffer --- Belang, verdeling en beleid van de natuurlijke rijkdommen. Grondstoffen --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Theorie van de termijnmarkten

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International economic relations --- Firms and enterprises --- Western Europe --- Eastern and Central Europe --- Joint ventures --- -Joint ventures --- -813 Methodologie --- 822.2 Regionale Organisaties --- 827 Geopolitiek --- 831.1 Handelspolitiek --- 836 (Multi-)nationale ondernemingen --- 837 Financiën en Bankwezen --- 838 Duurzame Ontwikkeling --- 841 Politiek Bestel --- Adventures, Joint --- Joint adventures --- Joint undertakings --- Ventures, Joint --- Partnership --- International business enterprises --- Law and legislation --- Law and legislation. --- 813 Methodologie

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This paper discusses reviews major issues and developments in the trade area and outlines the problems in the multilateral trading system that governments face as they seek to liberalize trade in the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations. The paper’s emphasis is on policy developments in the major trading nations as they relate to trade in both industrial and agricultural products. The survey also includes a review of trade policies in developing countries and refers to available quantitative evidence on protectionism wherever possible. The increased use of nontariff measures reflects, in part, the fact that most industrial countries have “bound” a considerable proportion of their tariffs, particularly on industrial products, at relatively low levels. Restrictions are particularly widespread in industries suffering from excess capacity (such as steel) and where comparative advantage has generally shifted to developing countries. The lack of major liberalization in agriculture in the US–Canada Free Trade Agreement has led some industrial countries to suggest that the US interest in multilateral negotiations is now primarily in agriculture and in some selected new areas, such as telecommunications, banking, and patent protection.

Foreign trade policy --- Commercial policy --- International trade --- Politique commerciale --- Commerce international --- 339.54 --- 339.5 --- (100) --- $?$89/9 --- politique economique --- commerce mondial --- AA* / International - Internationaal --- 382.50 --- 382.3 --- 330.05 --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Commerce --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- International trade policy --- Trade policy --- Economic policy --- Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel --- economisch beleid --- wereldhandel --- Internationale handelsbetrekkingen: algemeenheden. --- Government policy --- Working papers --- Commercial policy. --- International trade. --- 339.54 Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel --- Internationale handelsbetrekkingen: algemeenheden --- Investments: Commodities --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- Agribusiness --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Trade: General --- Agriculture: General --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Foreign Exchange --- Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis --- Prices --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Investment & securities --- Agricultural economics --- Exports --- Tariffs --- Imports --- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade --- Trade barriers --- Taxes --- Tariff --- Commercial treaties --- United States