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This study examines the history of the sugar economy and the peculiar development of plantation society over a three hundred year period in Bahia, a major sugar plantation zone and an important terminus of the Atlantic slave trade. Drawing on little-used archival sources, plantations accounts, and notarial records, Professor Schwartz has examined through both quantitative and qualitative methods the various groups that made up plantation society. While he devotes much attention to masters and slaves, he views slavery ultimately as part of a larger structure of social and economic relations. The peculiarities of sugar-making and the nature of plantation labour are used throughout the book as keys to an understanding of roles and relationships in plantation society. A comparative perspective is also employed, so that studies of slavery elsewhere in the Americas inform the analysis, while at many points direct comparisons of the Bahian case with other plantation societies are also made.

Plantations --- Slavery --- Sugar trade --- Sugar bounties --- Sugar industry --- Sweetener industry --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Slaves --- Farms --- History --- Bahia (Brazil : State) --- Bahia (Brazil : Captaincy) --- Bahia (Brazil : Province) --- Economic conditions. --- Race relations. --- Social conditions. --- Arts and Humanities --- History. --- Enslaved persons

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Land reform --- -Land tenure --- -Consolidation of land holdings --- -Peasantry --- Agricultural laborers --- Rural population --- Marks (Medieval land tenure) --- Villeinage --- Amalgamation of land --- Land consolidation --- Land tenure --- Land use, Rural --- Real property --- Agrarian tenure --- Feudal tenure --- Freehold --- Land ownership --- Land question --- Landownership --- Tenure of land --- Land, Nationalization of --- Landowners --- Serfdom --- Agrarian reform --- Economic policy --- Social policy --- Agriculture and state --- History --- Kofod, A. A. --- -History --- Consolidation of land holdings --- Peasants --- History. --- Kofod, A. A., --- Soviet Union --- Politics and government --- 1904-1914 --- Russie --- Reforme agraire --- Politique agricole --- 1894-1917

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Real property --- Land tenure --- Biens réels --- Propriété foncière --- History --- Histoire --- Domesday book --- Great Britain --- England --- Grande-Bretagne --- Angleterre --- Economic conditions --- Conditions économiques --- Manuscripts, Medieval --- -Land tenure --- -Real property --- -Cadastral surveys --- Catastral surveys --- Freehold --- Limitations (Law) --- Property, Real --- Real estate --- Real estate law --- Realty --- Property --- Rent --- Agrarian tenure --- Feudal tenure --- Land ownership --- Land question --- Landownership --- Tenure of land --- Land use, Rural --- Land, Nationalization of --- Landowners --- Serfdom --- Medieval manuscripts --- Manuscripts --- -History --- -Law and legislation --- -Manuscripts, Medieval --- -England --- Biens réels --- Propriété foncière --- Conditions économiques --- Cadastral surveys --- Law and legislation --- Domesday book. --- Liber de Wintonia --- Libre de Wintonia --- Doomsday book --- King's book --- Book of Winchester --- Kniga Strashnogo suda --- Anglii︠a︡ --- Inghilterra --- Engeland --- Inglaterra --- Anglija --- England and Wales

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Tools --- 621.9 --- Hand tools --- Handtools --- Hardware --- Implements, utensils, etc. --- History --- Technology Tools --- Catholic Church --- Eglise catholique --- Liturgy. --- Liturgie --- Middle Ages --- Moyen Age --- Outils --- Sources --- Histoire --- Land tenure --- -Land tenure --- -712 --- Agrarian tenure --- Feudal tenure --- Freehold --- Land ownership --- Land question --- Landownership --- Tenure of land --- Land use, Rural --- Real property --- Land, Nationalization of --- Landowners --- Serfdom --- Arts Landscape architecture --- Benelux countries --- -England --- Germany --- Low countries --- Alemania --- Ashkenaz --- BRD --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- Deutsches Reich --- Deutschland --- Doitsu --- Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku --- Federal Republic of Germany --- Federalʹna Respublika Nimechchyny --- FRN --- German Uls --- Germania --- Germanii︠a︡ --- Germanyah --- Gjermani --- Grossdeutsches Reich --- Jirmānīya --- KhBNGU --- Kholboony Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Nimechchyna --- Repoblika Federalin'i Alemana --- República de Alemania --- República Federal de Alemania --- Republika Federal Alemmana --- Vācijā --- Veĭmarskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Weimar Republic --- Weimarer Republik --- ХБНГУ --- Германия --- جرمانيا --- ドイツ --- ドイツ連邦共和国 --- ドイツ レンポウ キョウワコク --- Germany (East) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : British Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : French Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : Russian Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone) --- Germany (West) --- Holy Roman Empire --- Rural conditions --- Rural conditions. --- Sacramentaries --- Sacramentaires --- Liturgy --- Gregorian chants --- Music --- Chant grégorien --- Musique --- History and criticism --- Histoire et critique --- Sources. --- Food writing --- Gastronomy --- Livres de cuisine --- Gastronomie --- Landscapes --- Landscape archaeology --- Utilisation agricole du sol --- Paysages --- Archéologie du paysage --- Europe --- Historical geography --- Géographie historique --- Civil procedure (Roman law) --- Civil procedure --- Civilization, Medieval --- Justice, Administration of --- Procédure civile (Droit romain) --- Procédure civile --- Civilisation médiévale --- Justice --- Administration --- Castles --- Architecture, Medieval --- Châteaux --- Architecture médiévale --- Names, Geographical --- Noms géographiques --- Literature, Medieval --- Oral tradition --- Transmission of texts --- Littérature médiévale --- Tradition orale --- Transmission de textes --- Dendrochronology --- Plant remains (Archaeology) --- Dendrochronologie --- Restes de plantes (Archéologie) --- Research --- Indexes --- Recherche --- Index --- Hymns, Latin --- Church music --- Hymnes latins --- Musique d'église --- Catholic Church. --- Medicine --- Medicine, Medieval --- Médecine --- Médecine médiévale --- Early works to 1800 --- Ouvrages avant 1800 --- Vices --- Virtues --- Vertus --- History and criticism. --- Old Norse poetry --- Scalds and scaldic poetry --- Poésie vieux-norroise --- Poésie scaldique --- Tapestry, Medieval --- Tapisserie médiévale --- Local history --- Histoire locale --- Europe, Western --- Europe de l'Ouest --- Hebrew literature, Medieval --- Rabbinical literature --- Littérature hébraïque médiévale --- Littérature rabbinique --- Thematology --- anno 1200-1499 --- Manuscripts. Epigraphy. Paleography --- History of Europe --- anno 500-1499 --- Christian religious orders --- anno 500-799 --- Christian church history --- History of the law --- anno 800-899 --- anno 900-999 --- Applied arts. Arts and crafts --- anno 1200-1799 --- Poetry --- Fiction --- Old French literature --- Geodesy. Cartography --- History as a science --- General palaeontology --- Archeology --- Christian pastoral theology --- Linguistics --- Medieval Latin literature --- Christian spirituality --- Non-fiction --- Stilistics --- Medieval Latin language --- Literary rhetorics --- Higher education --- Christian moral theology --- Literature --- anno 1100-1199 --- History of human medicine --- Italy --- History of civilization --- anno 500-1199 --- Europe: North-West --- Comparative literature --- Cicero, Marcus Tullius --- History. --- Geography, Medieval. --- Names, Geographical. --- Archaeology, Medieval. --- Authorship. --- Civil procedure (Canon law) --- Civilisation medievale --- Civilization, Medieval, in literature. --- Cooking, European --- Cooking, Medieval. --- Dendrochronology. --- Education, Medieval. --- Epic poetry, European --- Glass painting and staining, Medieval. --- Hunting --- Hymns, Latin (Medieval and modern) --- Law, Medieval --- Manuscripts, Medieval. --- Plant remains (Archaeology). --- Poetics --- Poetry, Medieval --- Rhetoric, Medieval. --- Sacramentaries. --- Scalds and scaldic poetry. --- Stained glass windows. --- Tapestry, Medieval. --- Transmission of texts. --- Universities and colleges --- Writing --- Historiography. --- Registers --- Monasticism and religious orders --- Rules --- Civilisation médiévale --- Juifs --- Littérature hébraïque médiévale --- Littérature juive --- Littérature rabbinique --- Droit juif --- Histoire et critique. --- Sermons --- Exempla médiévaux --- Littérature didactique médiévale --- Rhétorique médiévale --- Illustrations --- 940.1 <093> --- 839.5 --- 839.61 --- 839.5 Scandinavische literatuur --- Scandinavische literatuur --- 940.1 <093> Geschiedenis van Europa: Middeleeuwen:--(ca.375-1492)--Historische bronnen --- Geschiedenis van Europa: Middeleeuwen:--(ca.375-1492)--Historische bronnen --- Literature Other germanic literatures Early period --- Book history --- Moyen âge, --- --Règle monastique --- --Monasticism and religious orders --- Sources hébraïques --- --Judaïsme --- --Hebrew literature, Medieval --- Geography, Medieval --- Manuscripts, Medieval --- Cérémoniaux --- --Moyen âge, --- --Ordinaires --- --Catholic Church --- --Sources --- --Poésie scaldique --- --Manuscripts, Medieval --- --Tapisserie --- --Tapestry, Medieval --- --Médecine --- --Consilia --- --Sacrementaire --- --Tradition orale --- --Oral tradition --- --Méthodologie --- --Géographie humaine --- --Land tenure --- England --- Cookery, European --- Cookery, Medieval --- Chants (Plain, Gregorian, etc.) --- -Music --- -Authorship --- -Hebrew literature, Medieval --- -Literature, Medieval --- -Old Norse poetry --- -Oral tradition --- -Poetics --- -Scalds and scaldic poetry --- 398.2 --- Authoring (Authorship) --- Writing (Authorship) --- Art music --- Art music, Western --- Classical music --- Musical compositions --- Musical works --- Serious music --- Western art music --- Western music (Western countries) --- Skalds --- Poets --- Bards and bardism --- Authorship --- Hebrew literature --- Jewish literature --- Tradition, Oral --- Oral communication --- Folklore --- Oral history --- Icelandic and Old Norse poetry --- Old Norse literature --- European literature --- Medieval literature --- Medieval civilization --- Civilization --- Chivalry --- Renaissance --- Chant (Plain, Gregorian, etc.) --- Franco-Roman chants --- Gregorian chant --- Old Roman chants --- Plainchant --- Plainchants --- Plainsong --- Roman chants --- Chants --- -Sources --- Social sciences Folk literature --- Technique --- -Sources. --- 392.8 --- 091:641.5 --- 094:641.5 --- -Cookery, Medieval --- -641.5910902 --- Medieval cooking --- 392.8 Culinaire gewoonten. Eetgewoonten. Drinkgewoonten. Vasten. Tafeletiquette. Maaltijden. Kannibalisme --- Culinaire gewoonten. Eetgewoonten. Drinkgewoonten. Vasten. Tafeletiquette. Maaltijden. Kannibalisme --- 091:641.5 Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Preparation of foodstuffs and meals. Cookery --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Preparation of foodstuffs and meals. Cookery --- European cooking --- 094:641.5 Oude en merkwaardige drukken. Kostbare en zeldzame boeken. Preciosa en rariora-:-Preparation of foodstuffs and meals. Cookery --- Oude en merkwaardige drukken. Kostbare en zeldzame boeken. Preciosa en rariora-:-Preparation of foodstuffs and meals. Cookery --- Eating --- Diet --- Cooking --- Dinners and dining --- Food --- -History --- -Technology Cooking characteristic Europe 500-1499 --- 801.311 "04/14" --- 801.311 --- Middle ages --- -Academic collection --- 910.014 --- 801.311 Plaatsnamen --- Plaatsnamen --- 801.311 "04/14" Plaatsnamen--Middeleeuwen --- Plaatsnamen--Middeleeuwen --- Dark Ages --- History, Medieval --- Medieval history --- Medieval period --- World history, Medieval --- World history --- Medievalism --- History General geography Language and communication --- 255 --- Academic collection --- 271-4 --- 271-4 Stichting, stichter, regels en constituties van religieuze orden en congregaties --- Stichting, stichter, regels en constituties van religieuze orden en congregaties --- Monachism --- Monastic orders --- Monasticism and religious orders for men --- Monasticism and religious orders of men --- Orders, Monastic --- Orders, Religious --- Religious orders --- Brotherhoods --- Christian communities --- Brothers (Religious) --- Friars --- Monks --- Superiors, Religious --- Religion Religious congregations and orders --- 900.902 --- 940.17 --- 940.17 Geschiedenis van Europa:--1096-1492 --- Geschiedenis van Europa:--1096-1492 --- Medievalists --- Historiography, Local --- History, Local --- Local historiography --- Historiography --- History 500-1499 --- West Europe --- Western Europe --- 091:003 --- 003 --- 652.1 --- 003 Semiotiek. Schriften. Tekens en symbolen. Codes. Grafische voorstellingen --- Semiotiek. Schriften. Tekens en symbolen. Codes. Grafische voorstellingen --- 091:003 Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Semiotiek. Schriften. Tekens en symbolen. Codes. Grafische voorstellingen --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Semiotiek. Schriften. Tekens en symbolen. Codes. Grafische voorstellingen --- Technology Processes of written communication Penmanship --- 264 --- #GGSB: Liturgie --- 264-14 --- 264-16 --- 264-16 Ceremonialia --- Ceremonialia --- 264-14 Pontificalia. Ordinalia. Benedictionalia --- Pontificalia. Ordinalia. Benedictionalia --- Worships Liturgy --- 61 <09> <01> --- -Chants (Plain, Gregorian, etc.) --- 610.902 --- European epic poetry --- European poetry --- 61 <09> <01> Geschiedenis van de geneeskunde--Bibliografieën. Catalogi --- Geschiedenis van de geneeskunde--Bibliografieën. Catalogi --- Technology Medicine History 500-1499 --- 782.292 --- 091:78 --- 264-068.1 --- 264-17 --- 783.2 --- 783.2 Liturgische muziek. Liturgische zang --- Liturgische muziek. Liturgische zang --- 264-17 Boeken met liturgische gezangen. Antiphonaria. Gradualia --- Boeken met liturgische gezangen. Antiphonaria. Gradualia --- 264-068.1 Kerkzang. Hymnen --- Kerkzang. Hymnen --- 091:78 Handschriften i.v.m. muziek --- Handschriften i.v.m. muziek --- Medieval manuscripts --- Manuscripts --- Arts Music Vocal music Chant --- 245 =71 --- 264.20902 --- Latin hymns, Medieval and modern --- Kerkgezang. Hymnologie--Latijn --- Religion Public worship Music 500-1499 --- 264.02009 --- 091:264 --- 264-1 --- 264-1 Liturgische boeken--(algemeen) --- Liturgische boeken--(algemeen) --- 091:264 Handschriften i.v.m. liturgie --- Handschriften i.v.m. liturgie --- Religion Public worship Roman Catholic Church History --- 746.3 --- 745.522 --- 745.522 Tapijtkunst. Tapisserie. Gobelins --- Tapijtkunst. Tapisserie. Gobelins --- Arts Textile Tapestries --- 933.7 --- 933.6 --- 296 "04/14" --- 296.1 --- 933.6 Geschiedenis van het Joodse volk: Arabische inval tot Turks bewind--(638-1516) --- Geschiedenis van het Joodse volk: Arabische inval tot Turks bewind--(638-1516) --- 933.7 Geschiedenis van het Joodse volk: diaspora van 70 tot 1516 --- Geschiedenis van het Joodse volk: diaspora van 70 tot 1516 --- Judaïsme. Jodendom--Middeleeuwen --- Religion Judaism Sources --- 264-12 --- 264.023 --- Liturgies --- 264-12 Missalen --- Missalen --- Religion Public worship Sacramentaries --- -61 <09> <01> --- 892.409002 --- 892.4 --- Literature Hebrew literature 700-1699 --- Hebreeuwse literatuur --- Texts --- Liturgical books --- Civilization [Medieval ] in literature --- Ethics [Medieval ] --- Christian ethics --- Procedure (Law) --- Law [Medieval ] --- Medicine [Medieval ] --- Literature [Medieval ] --- Civilization [Medieval ] --- Glass painting and staining [Medieval ] --- Cookery [European ] --- To 1500 --- Cookery [Medieval ] --- Letter writing. --- Prayer --- Preaching --- Prière --- Prédication --- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Guides, manuels, etc --- Letter writing --- Correspondance --- Guides, manuels, etc. --- Visitations, Ecclesiastical --- Church history --- Visites pastorales --- Eglise --- Chansons de geste --- Epic literature --- Littérature épique --- Paleography --- Paléographie --- Ecriture --- Christian art and symbolism. --- Glass painting and staining, Medieval --- Art et symbolisme chrétiens --- Vitraux médiévaux --- Christianity --- History of doctrines --- Study and teaching --- History of education and educational sciences --- 271-5 --- 271-5 Plaatselijke, provinciale en generale oversten en leiding van religieuze orden en congregaties. Generale en plaatselijke kapittels --- Plaatselijke, provinciale en generale oversten en leiding van religieuze orden en congregaties. Generale en plaatselijke kapittels --- 930.22 "04/14" --- 912 <09> --- 526.09 --- 930.22 "04/14" Bronnenstudie. Oorkondenleer. Diplomatiek:--Middeleeuwen --- Bronnenstudie. Oorkondenleer. Diplomatiek:--Middeleeuwen --- Cartografie. Kaarten. Plattegronden. Atlassen--Geschiedenis van --- Sciences Mathematical geography Historical and geographical treatment --- 82-13 --- 809.132 --- 82-13 Epiek --- Epiek --- Literature History and criticism --- Deguo --- 德国 --- Gėrman --- Герман Улс --- Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- -264 --- 251 --- 251 "04/14" --- 251 "04/14" Homiletiek. Verkondiging. Prediking:--middeleeuwen --- Homiletiek. Verkondiging. Prediking:--middeleeuwen --- Worship --- Prayers --- Religion Preaching --- Canon law --- Vicars capitular --- 262.9 --- #RBIB:XTOF --- 930.22 --- 930.22 Bronnenstudie. Oorkondenleer. Diplomatiek --- Bronnenstudie. Oorkondenleer. Diplomatiek --- Bibliography --- Religion Church law and discipline --- Public law (Canon law) --- Law --- Ecclesiastical law --- Rescripts, Papal --- Capitular vicars --- Bishops (Canon law) --- Dioceses (Canon law) --- Administrators apostolic --- Medieval law --- Christian preaching --- Homiletics --- Speaking --- Pastoral theology --- Public speaking --- Religious aspects --- Littérature médiévale --- -Law, Medieval --- Medical education --- Religious disputations --- Theology --- 230.20902 --- 378.4 <4> --- 378.4 <4> Universiteiten--Europa --- Universiteiten--Europa --- Colloquies, Religious --- Disputations, Religious --- Disputations, Theological --- Religious colloquies --- Religious debates --- Theological disputations --- Debates and debating --- Medieval medicine --- Medical personnel --- Professional education --- Religion Christianity Miscellany of history --- Disputations --- Education --- Stained glass windows --- 748.50902 --- #GOSA:XI.ME.M --- 748 "04/14" --- 748 "04/14" Glaskunst. Glazenierskunst. Kristalwerk--Middeleeuwen --- Glaskunst. Glazenierskunst. Kristalwerk--Middeleeuwen --- Glass painting and staining --- Windows --- Art Stained Glass Historical treatment --- -Vices --- Moyen âge, 476-1492 --- Ordinaires --- Law, Medieval. --- Medicine, Medieval. --- Bibliography. --- Méthodologie --- Vitrail --- Règle monastique --- Monasticism and religious orders - Rules - History - To 1500 --- Religious disputations - History --- Theology - History - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Medical education - Europe --- Canon law - Sources - Bibliography --- Vicars capitular - History - Bibliography --- Law, Medieval - Sources - Bibliography --- Prédication --- Preaching - History - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Preaching - Europe - Study and teaching - History --- Prayer - Christianity - History of doctrines - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Prayer - Christianity - Study and teaching - History --- Épopée --- Judaïsme --- Hebrew literature, Medieval - History and criticism --- Rabbinical literature - History and criticism --- Cartographie --- Gregorian chants - History and criticism - Sources --- Music - 500-1400 - History and criticism - Sources --- Hymns, Latin (Medieval and modern) - History and criticism --- Rhetoric, Medieval --- Poésie scaldique --- Tapisserie --- Médecine --- Consilia --- Sacrementaire --- Oral tradition - Europe --- Literature, Medieval - History and criticism --- Géographie humaine --- Land tenure - Germany - History --- Land tenure - Benelux countries - History --- Land tenure - England - History --- Germany - Rural conditions --- Benelux countries - Rural conditions --- England - Rural conditions --- Writing - Europe - History --- Middle Ages - Historiography. --- Local history - Historiography. --- Middle Ages - Sources. --- Local history - Sources. --- Tools - History - Bibliography --- Cookery, European - History - To 1500 --- Gastronomy - History - To 1500 --- 873.3 --- Exempla --- #GOSA:VIII.ME.M --- Anecdotes --- Didactic literature --- Homiletical illustrations --- Example --- 873.3 Middeleeuws Latijnse literatuur --- Middeleeuws Latijnse literatuur --- 808.00902 --- 091:82-5 --- 82.085 --- 82-5 --- 82.085 Retorica. Argumentatieleer. Voordrachtkunst --- Retorica. Argumentatieleer. Voordrachtkunst --- 091:82-5 Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Redevoering. Preek --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Redevoering. Preek --- Correspondence --- English letter writing --- Letter writing, English --- Writing of letters --- Letters --- Literature Rhetoric and Collections 500-1499 --- Redevoering. Preek --- -271-5 --- -930.22 "04/14" --- -History and criticism --- -Manuscripts, Medieval --- Rhetorique medievale --- Scandinavie --- Poesie --- Litteratures --- Rhetorique --- Moyen age --- Latin (langue) --- Etude et enseignement --- MONACHISME ET ORDRES RELIGIEUX --- VIE RELIGIEUSE --- HISTOIRE --- SOURCES --- Methodologie --- Recettes de cuisine --- EGLISE PRIMITIVE (CA 30-600) --- REGLES --- Conditions sociales --- Toponymie --- Datation --- LITURGIE --- EGLISE CATHOLIQUE --- LIVRES DE PRIERES ET DE DEVOTIONS --- Livres liturgiques --- Medecine --- Medecins --- Vie intellectuelle --- Edition critique --- Dioceses --- Eveques --- Noms geographiques --- Chroniques --- Litterature medievale --- Monachisme et ordres religieux --- Histoire medievale --- Regles --- MOYEN AGE --- GEOGRAPHIE MEDIEVALE --- HISTOIRE MEDIEVALE --- Latin (langue) medieval et moderne --- Sacramentaire --- Bibliographie --- Livres liturgiques (musique) --- Ecriture medievale --- Paleographie --- Discours, essais, conferences --- Histoire orale --- Vie rurale --- Histoire rurale --- Vitraux medievaux --- Universites --- Enseignement superieur --- Examens --- -Sacramentaries --- -Glass painting and staining, Medieval