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Public debt --- Private finance

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Experience with multilateral debt restructurings with official creditors and with international banks in the second half of the 1970s was described in External Indebtedness of Developing Countries, issued in 1981. The present paper reviews recent developments, covering the period through early October 1983.

International Finance --- Business & Economics --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Finance --- International economics --- Banking --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Monetary economics --- Debt restructuring --- Debt relief --- Debt service --- Debt service payments --- Asset and liability management --- External debt --- Debts, External --- Banks and banking --- Crisis management --- Credit --- Brazil

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This paper presents a review of the principal issues emerging from an IMF Conference held in March 1983. The special drawing right has been conceived in the 1960s and has been formally provided in the first amendment to the Articles of Agreement of the IMF, which took effect in 1969. Upon the abandonment of the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates and the coming of freedom for the IMF members to adopt the exchange arrangements of their choice, a lack of discipline has been felt in the international monetary system.

Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Financial Risk Management --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- International economics --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Banking --- Investment & securities --- Finance --- Debt service --- Current account deficits --- Public sector wages --- Public employment --- External debt --- Balance of payments --- Oil --- Commodities --- Banks and banking --- Economic theory --- Foreign exchange --- United States --- Income economics

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Debts, External --- Loans, Foreign --- 382.254 --- -Debts, External --- -336.3435091724 --- Debts, Foreign --- Debts, International --- External debts --- Foreign debts --- International debts --- Foreign loans --- International loans --- Loans, International --- Conditionality (International relations) --- Foreign loan insurance --- Internationale kredieten. --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- International finance --- Public debt --- Developing countries --- 336.3435091724 --- 333.109 --- 336.311.2 --- 339.115 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Veiligheid. Bankovervallen. Bankrisico's --- Buitenlandse leningen van de overheid --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC --- Internationale kredieten --- Debts, External - Developing countries --- Loans, Foreign - Developing countries