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Economic geography --- Economic relations. Trade --- Netherlands: North --- Theses --- 44.10 public health service: general. --- 83.42 international trade. --- Demand and supply. --- Hospital stay. --- International trade. --- Northern Netherlands.
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This paper examines the effects of the emergence of the United Kingdom as a major oil producer, together with the pursuit of firm financial policies as part of an anti-inflation strategy, has had on the UK economy and, in particular, on the real exchange rate of the pound sterling, which appreciated by 45 percent between 1977 and late 1981. The build-up of North Sea oil production and the rise in the real price of oil have led to a significant change in the structure of the UK economy. A small dynamic macro model of the United Kingdom has been constructed to assess the quantitative importance of North Sea oil production on the economy as well as the main effects of the anti-inflation strategy. The results indicate that both direct and indirect effects of oil production on the real exchange rate and, consequently, on the manufacturing sector are large. The results also indicate that a policy of financial restraint would be successful in reducing inflation, although its costs in the short term would be high, largely because inflation expectations do not appear to adjust rapidly.
Banking --- Banks and Banking --- Banks and banking --- Banks --- Commodities --- Currency --- Deflation --- Depository Institutions --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Energy: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Foreign exchange --- Income economics --- Income --- Inflation --- Investment & securities --- Labor economics --- Labor Economics: General --- Labor --- Labour --- Macroeconomics --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Oil prices --- Oil --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Price Level --- Prices --- Public finance & taxation --- Real exchange rates --- United Kingdom
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This paper reviews key findings of the IMF’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended April 30, 1982. The report highlights that the world economic developments during 1981 and the first half of 1982 were marked by signs of progress in the difficult fight against inflation. Despite this favorable aspect, the general situation in mid-1982 remained troublesome, posing major challenges to economic policy for both national governments and international institutions. Throughout 1981 and the first half of 1982, abatement of inflation remained the prime objective of financial policies in the industrial countries.
Banking --- Banks and Banking --- Currencies --- Currency --- Deflation --- Energy industries & utilities --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Exchange rates --- Expenditures, Public --- Exports and Imports --- Exports --- Foreign exchange reserves --- Foreign Exchange --- Foreign exchange --- Government and the Monetary System --- Inflation --- International economics --- International trade --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary economics --- Monetary Policy --- Monetary Systems --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Money --- Oil exports --- Payment Systems --- Price Level --- Prices --- Public Finance --- Regimes --- Standards --- Trade: General --- United States
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