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Etymology --- Germanic languages

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Germanic languages --- History

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English language --- Glossaries, vocabularies, etc --- Germanic languages

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English language --- Grammar --- -English language --- -Germanic languages --- Complement --- Syntax --- -Complement --- Verb phrase --- Germanic languages

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This study of the South African variety of English is an exercise in the sociology of language conducted mainly within the conceptual framework and methodology created by William Labov. It accepts that social process and social structure are reflected in patterns of covariation involving linguistic and social variables, and in attitudes to different varieties of speech within the community. This premise is pursued here in its historical implications: linguistuic evidence in present-day speech patterns of earlier states of the society and of the social, political and cultural changes that have

English language --- -Germanic languages --- -English language --- Germanic languages --- English language -- South Africa.