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Marketing --- Exports --- Export marketing

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Quercus --- Sawmills --- Economic analysis --- Exports --- economic situation --- management. --- Roundwood --- Wood residues --- Belgium

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This paper considers whether the objective of controlling aggregate reserves is still appropriate under current international monetary arrangements and discusses some of the means that have been proposed to achieve such control. Both the demand for and the supply of world reserves have changed as a result of the shift to flexible exchange rates and the growth of private capital markets as means of financing payments disequilibria. Mechanisms designed to achieve greater control over reserve growth would have to rely on direct constraints on individual countries. The desirability of imposing such constraints must be assessed in the light of how effective liquidity control can be in achieving the objective of more timely and effective adjustment. In this connection, the surveillance of exchange rate policies provided for in the IMF's Proposed Second Amendment to the Articles of Agreement may be a more effective weapon than direct control of liquidity.

Commodities --- Commodity Markets --- Commodity prices --- Currency --- Deflation --- Exchange rates --- Export prices --- Exports and Imports --- Exports --- Finance --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Foreign exchange --- Imports --- Inflation --- International economics --- International finance --- International trade --- Investment & securities --- Investment Decisions --- Investments: Commodities --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary economics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Portfolio Choice --- Price Level --- Prices --- Trade: General --- United States

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This paper examines the recent trend of rise in protectionism policy in many countries. The general trend of commercial policy during the postwar era was toward a liberal world trading system. In contrast to this trend, pressures for protection have emerged in many countries recently, and it seems probable that the pressures for protectionism will continue. If these pressures are given in to, the consequences for the international economy will become increasingly serious, especially for developing and other primary producing countries whose development and industrialization are affected.

Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Commercial policy --- Employment --- Export restrictions --- Exports and Imports --- Exports --- Import quotas --- Imports --- Income economics --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- International economics --- International Trade Organizations --- International trade --- Labor Economics: General --- Labor --- Labour --- Macroeconomics --- Neoclassical Models of Trade --- Trade barriers --- Trade Policy --- Trade: General --- Unemployment --- Wages --- United States

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This paper discusses the appointment of Jacques de Larosière as Managing Director in the IMF. He assumed his duties at the IMF on June 17, 1978, succeeding Mr. H. Johannes Witteveen, of the Netherlands, whose service ended on June 16, 1978. Mr. de Larosière, 48, was Director of the French Treasury since 1974. He represented his government at many international conferences as well as on the boards of major industrial and financial concerns. Mr. de Larosière also participated in the work of the Committee of Twenty on International Monetary Reform and the Interim Committee.

Banks and Banking --- Investments: Metals --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Natural Resources --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Trade: General --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Metals and Metal Products --- Cement --- Glass --- Ceramics --- Renewable Resources and Conservation: Water --- International economics --- Monetary economics --- Investment & securities --- Banking --- Labour --- income economics --- Currencies --- Exports --- Imports --- Freely usable currencies --- Gold --- Money --- International trade --- Commodities --- Banks and banking --- Water-supply --- United States --- Income economics