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Public expenditure --- Economic geography --- France --- Finance, Public. --- Urbanization --- Expenditures, Public. --- Finances publiques --- Urbanisation --- Dépenses publiques --- Finance. --- Finances --- Finance, Public --- Expenditures, Public --- Finance --- -Cities and towns, Movement to --- Urban development --- Urban systems --- Cities and towns --- Social history --- Sociology, Rural --- Sociology, Urban --- Urban policy --- Rural-urban migration --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Currency question --- Appropriations and expenditures --- Government appropriations --- Government expenditures --- Government spending --- Public expenditures --- Public spending --- Spending, Government --- Public administration --- Government spending policy --- -Finance --- Dépenses publiques --- -Cameralistics --- Cities and towns, Movement to --- Public finances --- Urbanization - Finance

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A general approach to economic analysis of projects is presented, including the basic notions of cost-benefit analysis in the context of project analysis. A systematic and consistent estimation and application of shadow prices is needed, and suggestions are made for incorporating distributional effects, as well as the customary efficiency components, into shadow prices. Social rates of return can then be calculated, taking into account the distributional impact of various projects, an aspect ignored in the usual economic rates of return as derived from efficiency prices. Shadow prices are derived to reflect a wide range of economic conditions and value judgments concerning basic policy objectives pertaining to growth and distribution. Uncertainty, sensitivity, and risk must also be evaluated in project analysis. An appendix addresses the technical derivation of shadow prices.

Development projects --- Évaluation --- evaluation --- -Expenditures, Public --- Government appropriations --- Government expenditures --- Government spending --- Public expenditures --- Public spending --- Spending, Government --- Economic development projects --- Expenditures, Public --- 333.164.0 --- 338.340 --- 339.312.2 --- 339.312.7 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Appropriations and expenditures --- Finance, Public --- Public administration --- Government spending policy --- Evaluation --- Internationale Bank voor Herstel en Ontwikkeling: algemeen --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Maatstaven voor de beslissingen van investeringen --- Kosten en rentabiliteit van de investeringen --- 338.26 --- 338.26 Economische planning. Nationale plannen. Ontwikkelingsplannen. Meerjarenplannen. Plattelandsontwikkeling. Rural development. Kosten-batenanlyse --- Economische planning. Nationale plannen. Ontwikkelingsplannen. Meerjarenplannen. Plattelandsontwikkeling. Rural development. Kosten-batenanlyse --- 336.532 --- 336.532 Procedures for evaluation and selection of public investments --- Procedures for evaluation and selection of public investments --- Development projects, Economic --- Projects, Economic development --- Economic assistance --- Technical assistance --- Social costs. Social benefits --- Developing countries --- Expenditures, Public. --- Evaluation. --- IBRD --- evaluation. --- Social Sciences and Humanities. Development Studies -- International Development Cooperation -- Development Projects --- ALLW. --- Economic development projects - Evaluation --- World bank